Introduction to the English Module
Overview of dates
Key individuals
The Mindset of a king in the 1600s
Quick Look: Dates
27th of March 1625
James the First was struck down by tertian ague and died in his bed, aged 57. He
was succeeded by Charles the First.
October 1627
Charles sent army to help French Protestants who were besieged by Catholic
Forces.
7th of June1628
Parliament petitions Charles with the Petition of Right.
10th of march 1629
Personal Rule begins after Parliament members held down the speaker and
continued to pass the Three Resolutions, condemning the King’s financial and
religious policies.
23 July 1637
New Scottish Prayer Book causes riots in Edinburgh
James the First
Experienced Monarch of 37 years, succeeding Elizabeth to the throne in 1603.
James displayed little of her regal poise and dignity.
His court was considered vulgar and he offended contemporary sensibilities by
his pursuit of men.
His sexuality has been disputed numerous times as it is thought that he had
homosexual relations with George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham.
He saw himself as a monarch who could rise above religious, political and foreign
divisions.
George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham
He rose to become the favourite of James 1st after being discovered by the
opponents to the King’s current favourite (Robert Carr, of Somerset).
1615 - Knighted as a Gentlemen of the Bed Chambers
1616 – Knight of the Garter
1617 – Made an Earl
1618 – Promoted to marquees of Buckingham
1623 – Duke of Buckingham
,He taught Charles 1st how to dance
Public opinion of him soured following allegations of using his power to enrich the
wealth of his friends.
Henrietta Maria, of France
A Roman Catholic, which was not good for an aspiring English Queen, as the
general populace were all Protestants, equating to a deep hatred of Catholics.
Following the failure in marrying a Spanish Protestant Princess, Henrietta Maria
acted as a rebound for Charles who needed to marry.
She was 15 years old when she was married to Charles.
Died due to an overdose of Opiates as a painkiller.
Charles the First
Second Son of James 1st
His older brother, Henry Frederick Prince of Wales, died in 1612. This leaft
Charles as the heir apparent.
He had a stutter, which made him uneasy at court.
He was considered sensitive and cultures, with a taste for the arts.
Only truly showed loyalty to his true companions:
The Duke of Buckingham
Archbishop William Laud
Thomas Wentworth
The Mindset of a 1600s King
Unwilling to share power to a large extent (Mostly Parliament)
Held the Belief of Divine Right
Kings were God of earth or at least hand chosen to rule.
Believed in the Royal Prerogative
The right to Sovereign without restriction. E.g. Royal Prerogative rivals that of
Parliamentary Prerogative.
Charles the First:
The First 4 Years.
Finance
Religion
conflict BETWEEN Crown and parliament
Finance
-Tonnage and poundage
, -The Forced loan
-The five knights case
Tonnage and Poundage, 1625
Tonnage and Poundage was the ‘salary’ given to the King consistently
throughout his rule.
Charles needed One Million Pound to fund his Anti-Spanish foreign policy and
assumed he would receive the money from Parliament.
However, he was only given 2 subsides of £140,000 for the first year of his rule,
1625.
Parliament knew he would spend it personally, e.g. funding his foreign policies,
so they did not give it to him.
Charles thought of this as a direct challenge to his Divine Right and therefore
ordered his tax collectors to continue collecting after 1625.
This was Illegal taxation.
The Forced Loan, 1626
Charles asked the country for a voluntary gift, money.
However, only a few gave him money as the gentry were rather reluctant to give
away their wealth.
Charles viewed this as direct opposition to him and a test to his status.
Therefore he used his Royal Prerogative to force the loan onto the populace.
Parliament did not agree and fought against it the best they could.
MP of Kent – “Subjects may oppose an unworthy king’s demand”.
The Five Knights Case, 1627
Due to failure to pay The Forced Loan, Charles order the imprisonment of 76
members of the gentry alongside the Earl of Lincoln.
They invoked the right of Habeas Corpus, clearly stating to Parliament that they
were imprisoned without true reason. Without trial.
However, Charles had men who could manipulate the system.
A judge ensured that Charles had the right to imprison these men without trial.
Religion
-Different Branches of religion
-The York house conference
-Richard Montagu
Different types of religion in the Anglican Church (English)
Protestant
Overview of dates
Key individuals
The Mindset of a king in the 1600s
Quick Look: Dates
27th of March 1625
James the First was struck down by tertian ague and died in his bed, aged 57. He
was succeeded by Charles the First.
October 1627
Charles sent army to help French Protestants who were besieged by Catholic
Forces.
7th of June1628
Parliament petitions Charles with the Petition of Right.
10th of march 1629
Personal Rule begins after Parliament members held down the speaker and
continued to pass the Three Resolutions, condemning the King’s financial and
religious policies.
23 July 1637
New Scottish Prayer Book causes riots in Edinburgh
James the First
Experienced Monarch of 37 years, succeeding Elizabeth to the throne in 1603.
James displayed little of her regal poise and dignity.
His court was considered vulgar and he offended contemporary sensibilities by
his pursuit of men.
His sexuality has been disputed numerous times as it is thought that he had
homosexual relations with George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham.
He saw himself as a monarch who could rise above religious, political and foreign
divisions.
George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham
He rose to become the favourite of James 1st after being discovered by the
opponents to the King’s current favourite (Robert Carr, of Somerset).
1615 - Knighted as a Gentlemen of the Bed Chambers
1616 – Knight of the Garter
1617 – Made an Earl
1618 – Promoted to marquees of Buckingham
1623 – Duke of Buckingham
,He taught Charles 1st how to dance
Public opinion of him soured following allegations of using his power to enrich the
wealth of his friends.
Henrietta Maria, of France
A Roman Catholic, which was not good for an aspiring English Queen, as the
general populace were all Protestants, equating to a deep hatred of Catholics.
Following the failure in marrying a Spanish Protestant Princess, Henrietta Maria
acted as a rebound for Charles who needed to marry.
She was 15 years old when she was married to Charles.
Died due to an overdose of Opiates as a painkiller.
Charles the First
Second Son of James 1st
His older brother, Henry Frederick Prince of Wales, died in 1612. This leaft
Charles as the heir apparent.
He had a stutter, which made him uneasy at court.
He was considered sensitive and cultures, with a taste for the arts.
Only truly showed loyalty to his true companions:
The Duke of Buckingham
Archbishop William Laud
Thomas Wentworth
The Mindset of a 1600s King
Unwilling to share power to a large extent (Mostly Parliament)
Held the Belief of Divine Right
Kings were God of earth or at least hand chosen to rule.
Believed in the Royal Prerogative
The right to Sovereign without restriction. E.g. Royal Prerogative rivals that of
Parliamentary Prerogative.
Charles the First:
The First 4 Years.
Finance
Religion
conflict BETWEEN Crown and parliament
Finance
-Tonnage and poundage
, -The Forced loan
-The five knights case
Tonnage and Poundage, 1625
Tonnage and Poundage was the ‘salary’ given to the King consistently
throughout his rule.
Charles needed One Million Pound to fund his Anti-Spanish foreign policy and
assumed he would receive the money from Parliament.
However, he was only given 2 subsides of £140,000 for the first year of his rule,
1625.
Parliament knew he would spend it personally, e.g. funding his foreign policies,
so they did not give it to him.
Charles thought of this as a direct challenge to his Divine Right and therefore
ordered his tax collectors to continue collecting after 1625.
This was Illegal taxation.
The Forced Loan, 1626
Charles asked the country for a voluntary gift, money.
However, only a few gave him money as the gentry were rather reluctant to give
away their wealth.
Charles viewed this as direct opposition to him and a test to his status.
Therefore he used his Royal Prerogative to force the loan onto the populace.
Parliament did not agree and fought against it the best they could.
MP of Kent – “Subjects may oppose an unworthy king’s demand”.
The Five Knights Case, 1627
Due to failure to pay The Forced Loan, Charles order the imprisonment of 76
members of the gentry alongside the Earl of Lincoln.
They invoked the right of Habeas Corpus, clearly stating to Parliament that they
were imprisoned without true reason. Without trial.
However, Charles had men who could manipulate the system.
A judge ensured that Charles had the right to imprison these men without trial.
Religion
-Different Branches of religion
-The York house conference
-Richard Montagu
Different types of religion in the Anglican Church (English)
Protestant
