CHEM 210 Biochemistry
Portage Learning -
Module 1–8 and Final Exam Questions and Answers| Latest Update| Guaranteed
Pass
, Module 1 Exam: Foundations of Biochemistry
Q1. Which class of biomolecule is primarily responsible for long-term
energy storage in the form of triacylglycerols?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lipids, particularly triacylglycerols, are the body's most
energy-dense storage molecules because their highly reduced hydrocarbon
chains yield more ATP per gram upon oxidation than carbohydrates or
proteins.
Q2. The four major classes of biomolecules found in living cells are:
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
B. Vitamins, minerals, water, and salts
C. Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and receptors
D. Acids, bases, salts, and buffers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The four major classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids; each is built from characteristic monomer units
and serves distinct structural, catalytic, energetic, or informational roles.
,Q3. Which cell organelle is the primary site of ATP production via
oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mitochondrion houses the electron transport chain and ATP
synthase on its inner membrane, making it the principal site of oxidative
phosphorylation and the majority of cellular ATP production.
Q4. Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis and
packaging of proteins destined for secretion?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
B. Peroxisome
C. Nucleolus
D. Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesize
secretory and membrane proteins, which are then folded, modified, and
packaged into vesicles by the Golgi apparatus for export or delivery to other
organelles.
Q5. Lysosomes function primarily to:
A. Synthesize lipids
B. Digest macromolecules and cellular debris using acid hydrolases
C. Generate ATP through glycolysis
D. Store genetic information
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes contain acid hydrolase enzymes that operate optimally
at low pH and are responsible for breaking down macromolecules, damaged
organelles, and material taken up by endocytosis or phagocytosis.
, Q6. A hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is characteristic of which class of
biomolecules?
A. Alcohols and carbohydrates
B. Amines
C. Thiols
D. Carboxylic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hydroxyl group (-OH) defines alcohols and is abundant on
carbohydrates such as glucose, contributing to their high water solubility and
their ability to form hydrogen bonds and glycosidic linkages.
Q7. Which functional group is responsible for the acidic character of
amino acids and fatty acids?
A. Amino group (-NH2)
B. Carboxyl group (-COOH)
C. Hydroxyl group (-OH)
D. Sulfhydryl group (-SH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The carboxyl group (-COOH) can donate a proton (H+) to become
negatively charged (-COO-), which is the source of acidity in molecules such
as amino acids and fatty acids.
Q8. A sulfhydryl group (-SH), found in the amino acid cysteine, is
important because it can form which type of bond between two cysteine
residues?
A. A glycosidic bond
B. A disulfide bond
C. A phosphodiester bond
D. A peptide bond
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Two cysteine sulfhydryl groups can be oxidized to form a covalent
disulfide bond (-S-S-), which is important for stabilizing the tertiary and
quaternary structure of many proteins.
Portage Learning -
Module 1–8 and Final Exam Questions and Answers| Latest Update| Guaranteed
Pass
, Module 1 Exam: Foundations of Biochemistry
Q1. Which class of biomolecule is primarily responsible for long-term
energy storage in the form of triacylglycerols?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lipids, particularly triacylglycerols, are the body's most
energy-dense storage molecules because their highly reduced hydrocarbon
chains yield more ATP per gram upon oxidation than carbohydrates or
proteins.
Q2. The four major classes of biomolecules found in living cells are:
A. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
B. Vitamins, minerals, water, and salts
C. Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and receptors
D. Acids, bases, salts, and buffers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The four major classes of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids; each is built from characteristic monomer units
and serves distinct structural, catalytic, energetic, or informational roles.
,Q3. Which cell organelle is the primary site of ATP production via
oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mitochondrion houses the electron transport chain and ATP
synthase on its inner membrane, making it the principal site of oxidative
phosphorylation and the majority of cellular ATP production.
Q4. Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis and
packaging of proteins destined for secretion?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
B. Peroxisome
C. Nucleolus
D. Cytoskeleton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesize
secretory and membrane proteins, which are then folded, modified, and
packaged into vesicles by the Golgi apparatus for export or delivery to other
organelles.
Q5. Lysosomes function primarily to:
A. Synthesize lipids
B. Digest macromolecules and cellular debris using acid hydrolases
C. Generate ATP through glycolysis
D. Store genetic information
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes contain acid hydrolase enzymes that operate optimally
at low pH and are responsible for breaking down macromolecules, damaged
organelles, and material taken up by endocytosis or phagocytosis.
, Q6. A hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is characteristic of which class of
biomolecules?
A. Alcohols and carbohydrates
B. Amines
C. Thiols
D. Carboxylic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hydroxyl group (-OH) defines alcohols and is abundant on
carbohydrates such as glucose, contributing to their high water solubility and
their ability to form hydrogen bonds and glycosidic linkages.
Q7. Which functional group is responsible for the acidic character of
amino acids and fatty acids?
A. Amino group (-NH2)
B. Carboxyl group (-COOH)
C. Hydroxyl group (-OH)
D. Sulfhydryl group (-SH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The carboxyl group (-COOH) can donate a proton (H+) to become
negatively charged (-COO-), which is the source of acidity in molecules such
as amino acids and fatty acids.
Q8. A sulfhydryl group (-SH), found in the amino acid cysteine, is
important because it can form which type of bond between two cysteine
residues?
A. A glycosidic bond
B. A disulfide bond
C. A phosphodiester bond
D. A peptide bond
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Two cysteine sulfhydryl groups can be oxidized to form a covalent
disulfide bond (-S-S-), which is important for stabilizing the tertiary and
quaternary structure of many proteins.
