ATI EXAM 2 | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION| STUDY
WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 70%
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,The percentage of daily calories for a healthy person consists of:
a.) 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
b.) 65% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids
c.) 50% carbohydrates, 40% proteins, 10% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids
d.) 40% carbohydrates, 30% protein, 30% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids
Answer: a.) 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty
acids.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that 45% to 65% of total calories should
come from carbohydrates. Ideally, 10% to 35% of daily caloric needs should come from protein.
Persons should limit their fat intake to 20% to 35% of total calories. Fats can be divided into (1)
potentially harmful (saturated fat and trans fat) and (2) healthier dietary fat (monounsaturated
and polyunsaturated fat). To reduce the risk of obesity, we should consume less than 10% of
calories from saturated fatty acids (about 20 g of saturated fat per day in a
2000-calorie diet) and choose foods with no trans-fatty acids.
Place in order the substrates the body uses for energy during starvation, beginning with 1 for the
first component and ending with 4 for the last component.
a.) Skeletal protein
b.) Glycogen
c.) Visceral protein
d.) fat stores Answer: b, a, c, d.)
Initially, the body selectively uses carbohydrates (e.g., glycogen) rather than fat and protein to
meet metabolic needs. These carbohydrate stores, found in the liver and muscles, are minimal
and may be totally depleted within 18 hours. After carbohydrate stores are depleted, skeletal
protein begins to be converted to glucose for energy. Within 5 to 9 days, body fat is being used
to supply much of the needed energy. In prolonged starvation, up to 97% of calories are
provided by fat, and protein is conserved. Depletion of fat stores depends on the amount
available, but fat stores typically are used up in 4 to 6 weeks. After fat stores are used, body or
visceral proteins, including those in internal organs and plasma, can no longer be spared and
rapidly decrease because they are the only remaining body source of energy available.
A complete nutrition assessment including anthropometric measurements is most important for
the patient who:
a.) has a BMI of 25.5 kg/m²
b.) reports episodes of nightly nocturia
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
,c.) reports a 4-year history of chronic constipation
d.) reports unintentional weight loss of 10lb in 2 months Answer: d.) reports unintentional
weight loss of 10lb in 2 months
A loss of more than 5% of usual body weight over 6 months, whether intentional or
unintentional, is a critical indicator for further assessment.
Which method is best to use when confirming initial placement of a blindly inserted small-bore
NG feeding tube?
a.) X-ray
b.) Air insertion
c.) Observing patient for coughing
d.) pH measurement of gastric aspirate Answer: a.) X-ray
The nurse should obtain x-ray confirmation to determine whether a blindly placed nasogastric or
orogastric tube (small bore or large bore) is properly positioned in the gastrointestinal tract
before giving feedings or medications. Air insertion, observing a patient for coughing, and
measuring the pH of gastric aspirate are not appropriate ways to confirm whether a blindly
placed nasogastric or orogastric tube is properly positioned in the gastrointestinal tract before
use.
A patient is receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition. The solution is completed before the new
solution arrives on the unit. The nurse gives:
a.) 20% intralipids
b.) 5% dextrose
c.) 0.45% NS solution
d.) 5% lactated Ringer's solution Answer: b.) 5% dextrose
If a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) formula bag empties before the next solution is
available, a 5% dextrose solution (based on the amount of dextrose in the peripheral
PN solution) should be given to prevent hypoglycemia.
A patient with anorexia nervosa shows signs of malnutrition. During initial refeeding, the nurse
carefully assess the patient for: (SATA)
a.) hypokalemia
b.) hypoglycemia
c.) hypercalcemia
d.) hypomagnesemia
e.) hypophosphatemia Answer: a, d, e.)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
, Refeeding syndrome is characterized by fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances
(hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia). Hypophosphatemia is the hallmark of
refeeding syndrome. It is associated with serious outcomes, including dysrhythmias, respiratory
arrest, and neurologic problems (e.g., paresthesias). Refeeding syndrome can occur any time a
malnourished patient starts aggressive nutritional support.
Which statement best describes the cause of obesity?
a.) Obesity primarily results from a genetic predisposition
b.) Psychosocial factors can override the effects of genetics in causing obesity
c.) Genetic factors are more important than environmental factors in causing obesity
d.) Obesity is the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors
Answer: d.) Obesity is the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental
factors
The cause of obesity involves significant genetic and biologic susceptibility factors that are
highly influenced by environmental and psychosocial factors.
Health risks associated with obesity include: (SATA)
a.) colorectal cancer
b.) rheumatoid arthritis
c.) polycystic ovary syndrome
d.) nonalcoholic steatoheaptitis
e.) systemic lupus erythematosus Answer: a, c, d.)
Health risks associated with obesity include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, sleep apnea,
type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, gout, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis, and breast, endometrial, kidney, colorectal, pancreas,
esophagus, and gallbladder cancers.
The obesity classification that is most often associated with cardiovascular health problems is:
a.) primary obesity
b.) secondary obesity
c.) gynoid fat distribution
d.) android fat distribution Answer: d.) android fat distribution
A person with fat primarily in the abdominal area (i.e., whose body is apple shaped) is at greater
risk for obesity-related complications (e.g., heart disease) than is a person whose fat is primarily
in the upper legs (i.e., whose body is pear shaped). Those whose fat is distributed over the
abdomen and upper body (i.e., neck, arms, and shoulders) are classified as having android
obesity.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027
Duration: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 70%
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,The percentage of daily calories for a healthy person consists of:
a.) 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
b.) 65% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids
c.) 50% carbohydrates, 40% proteins, 10% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids
d.) 40% carbohydrates, 30% protein, 30% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids
Answer: a.) 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty
acids.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that 45% to 65% of total calories should
come from carbohydrates. Ideally, 10% to 35% of daily caloric needs should come from protein.
Persons should limit their fat intake to 20% to 35% of total calories. Fats can be divided into (1)
potentially harmful (saturated fat and trans fat) and (2) healthier dietary fat (monounsaturated
and polyunsaturated fat). To reduce the risk of obesity, we should consume less than 10% of
calories from saturated fatty acids (about 20 g of saturated fat per day in a
2000-calorie diet) and choose foods with no trans-fatty acids.
Place in order the substrates the body uses for energy during starvation, beginning with 1 for the
first component and ending with 4 for the last component.
a.) Skeletal protein
b.) Glycogen
c.) Visceral protein
d.) fat stores Answer: b, a, c, d.)
Initially, the body selectively uses carbohydrates (e.g., glycogen) rather than fat and protein to
meet metabolic needs. These carbohydrate stores, found in the liver and muscles, are minimal
and may be totally depleted within 18 hours. After carbohydrate stores are depleted, skeletal
protein begins to be converted to glucose for energy. Within 5 to 9 days, body fat is being used
to supply much of the needed energy. In prolonged starvation, up to 97% of calories are
provided by fat, and protein is conserved. Depletion of fat stores depends on the amount
available, but fat stores typically are used up in 4 to 6 weeks. After fat stores are used, body or
visceral proteins, including those in internal organs and plasma, can no longer be spared and
rapidly decrease because they are the only remaining body source of energy available.
A complete nutrition assessment including anthropometric measurements is most important for
the patient who:
a.) has a BMI of 25.5 kg/m²
b.) reports episodes of nightly nocturia
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
,c.) reports a 4-year history of chronic constipation
d.) reports unintentional weight loss of 10lb in 2 months Answer: d.) reports unintentional
weight loss of 10lb in 2 months
A loss of more than 5% of usual body weight over 6 months, whether intentional or
unintentional, is a critical indicator for further assessment.
Which method is best to use when confirming initial placement of a blindly inserted small-bore
NG feeding tube?
a.) X-ray
b.) Air insertion
c.) Observing patient for coughing
d.) pH measurement of gastric aspirate Answer: a.) X-ray
The nurse should obtain x-ray confirmation to determine whether a blindly placed nasogastric or
orogastric tube (small bore or large bore) is properly positioned in the gastrointestinal tract
before giving feedings or medications. Air insertion, observing a patient for coughing, and
measuring the pH of gastric aspirate are not appropriate ways to confirm whether a blindly
placed nasogastric or orogastric tube is properly positioned in the gastrointestinal tract before
use.
A patient is receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition. The solution is completed before the new
solution arrives on the unit. The nurse gives:
a.) 20% intralipids
b.) 5% dextrose
c.) 0.45% NS solution
d.) 5% lactated Ringer's solution Answer: b.) 5% dextrose
If a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) formula bag empties before the next solution is
available, a 5% dextrose solution (based on the amount of dextrose in the peripheral
PN solution) should be given to prevent hypoglycemia.
A patient with anorexia nervosa shows signs of malnutrition. During initial refeeding, the nurse
carefully assess the patient for: (SATA)
a.) hypokalemia
b.) hypoglycemia
c.) hypercalcemia
d.) hypomagnesemia
e.) hypophosphatemia Answer: a, d, e.)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
, Refeeding syndrome is characterized by fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances
(hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia). Hypophosphatemia is the hallmark of
refeeding syndrome. It is associated with serious outcomes, including dysrhythmias, respiratory
arrest, and neurologic problems (e.g., paresthesias). Refeeding syndrome can occur any time a
malnourished patient starts aggressive nutritional support.
Which statement best describes the cause of obesity?
a.) Obesity primarily results from a genetic predisposition
b.) Psychosocial factors can override the effects of genetics in causing obesity
c.) Genetic factors are more important than environmental factors in causing obesity
d.) Obesity is the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors
Answer: d.) Obesity is the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental
factors
The cause of obesity involves significant genetic and biologic susceptibility factors that are
highly influenced by environmental and psychosocial factors.
Health risks associated with obesity include: (SATA)
a.) colorectal cancer
b.) rheumatoid arthritis
c.) polycystic ovary syndrome
d.) nonalcoholic steatoheaptitis
e.) systemic lupus erythematosus Answer: a, c, d.)
Health risks associated with obesity include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, sleep apnea,
type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, gout, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis, fatty liver and cirrhosis, and breast, endometrial, kidney, colorectal, pancreas,
esophagus, and gallbladder cancers.
The obesity classification that is most often associated with cardiovascular health problems is:
a.) primary obesity
b.) secondary obesity
c.) gynoid fat distribution
d.) android fat distribution Answer: d.) android fat distribution
A person with fat primarily in the abdominal area (i.e., whose body is apple shaped) is at greater
risk for obesity-related complications (e.g., heart disease) than is a person whose fat is primarily
in the upper legs (i.e., whose body is pear shaped). Those whose fat is distributed over the
abdomen and upper body (i.e., neck, arms, and shoulders) are classified as having android
obesity.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
