NUR 381 Final exam | Q&A | 2026/2027 | Nursing Practice 1 | ASU |
Graded A+
1. A client's vital signs are: temperature 100.8°F (38.2°C), pulse 92 bpm,
respirations 18/min, blood pressure 118/76 mmHg, and SpO2 96%. Which
finding requires the most immediate attention?
A) Temperature
B) Pulse
C) Respirations
D) SpO2
Correct Answer: Temperature
Rationale: A temperature of 100.8°F (38.2°C) indicates a fever, which may
signal an infection or inflammatory process. While pulse (60-100),
respirations (12-20), and SpO2 (95-100%) are within normal limits, the
elevated temperature requires further assessment and potential
intervention.
2. The absence of disease-producing organisms is known as:
A) Sepsis
B) Asepsis
C) Sterilization
D) Disinfection
Correct Answer: Asepsis
Rationale: Asepsis is the absence of disease-producing (pathogenic)
organisms. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a
dysregulated host response to infection. Sterilization destroys all
microorganisms, while disinfection reduces the number of pathogens.
,3. Which component is part of the "chain of infection"?
A) Infectious agent
B) Reservoir
C) Portal of exit
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Rationale: The chain of infection consists of six components: infectious
agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and
susceptible host. Breaking any link in the chain prevents the spread of
infection.
4. A client is placed on airborne precautions. Which type of PPE is essential
for anyone entering the room?
A) Surgical mask
B) N95 respirator
C) Gown and gloves
D) Eye protection
Correct Answer: N95 respirator
Rationale: Airborne precautions require an N95 respirator (or higher level)
because the infectious agents are transmitted via small particles that can
remain suspended in the air. Contact and droplet precautions require
different PPE.
,5. A client's oxygen saturation (SpO2) is 92% on room air. The appropriate
initial action is to:
A) Document the finding as normal
B) Apply oxygen and notify the healthcare provider
C) Reassess in 4 hours
D) Increase the client's fluid intake
Correct Answer: Apply oxygen and notify the healthcare provider
Rationale: Normal SpO2 is 95-100%. An SpO2 of 92% indicates hypoxemia
and requires intervention, including applying supplemental oxygen and
notifying the healthcare provider for further orders.
6. A client is prescribed a medication that is available in a concentration of
250 mg per 5 mL. The order is for 500 mg. How many mL should be
administered?
A) 5 mL
B) 10 mL
C) 15 mL
D) 20 mL
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale: To calculate the dose: 500 mg ÷ 250 mg per 5 mL = 2 × 5 mL =
10 mL. The correct volume to administer is 10 mL to deliver the ordered 500
mg dose.
7. Which of the following is a component of the "five rights" of medication
administration?
, A) Right room
B) Right diagnosis
C) Right dose
D) Right insurance
Correct Answer: Right dose
Rationale: The rights of medication administration include right client, right
drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation, and right
reason. Right room, diagnosis, and insurance are not among the standard
rights.
8. A client is prescribed a medication that is known to cause photosensitivity.
Which instruction should be included in the teaching?
A) "Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen."
B) "Take the medication at night to avoid sun exposure."
C) "Increase your intake of vitamin D."
D) "Wear dark clothing to protect your skin."
Correct Answer: "Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen."
Rationale: Photosensitivity increases the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, so
clients should avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen. Taking the
medication at night does not prevent photosensitivity.
9. A client is prescribed an opioid analgesic for severe pain. Which adverse
effect is most commonly associated with opioid use?
A) Diarrhea
B) Constipation
Graded A+
1. A client's vital signs are: temperature 100.8°F (38.2°C), pulse 92 bpm,
respirations 18/min, blood pressure 118/76 mmHg, and SpO2 96%. Which
finding requires the most immediate attention?
A) Temperature
B) Pulse
C) Respirations
D) SpO2
Correct Answer: Temperature
Rationale: A temperature of 100.8°F (38.2°C) indicates a fever, which may
signal an infection or inflammatory process. While pulse (60-100),
respirations (12-20), and SpO2 (95-100%) are within normal limits, the
elevated temperature requires further assessment and potential
intervention.
2. The absence of disease-producing organisms is known as:
A) Sepsis
B) Asepsis
C) Sterilization
D) Disinfection
Correct Answer: Asepsis
Rationale: Asepsis is the absence of disease-producing (pathogenic)
organisms. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a
dysregulated host response to infection. Sterilization destroys all
microorganisms, while disinfection reduces the number of pathogens.
,3. Which component is part of the "chain of infection"?
A) Infectious agent
B) Reservoir
C) Portal of exit
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Rationale: The chain of infection consists of six components: infectious
agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and
susceptible host. Breaking any link in the chain prevents the spread of
infection.
4. A client is placed on airborne precautions. Which type of PPE is essential
for anyone entering the room?
A) Surgical mask
B) N95 respirator
C) Gown and gloves
D) Eye protection
Correct Answer: N95 respirator
Rationale: Airborne precautions require an N95 respirator (or higher level)
because the infectious agents are transmitted via small particles that can
remain suspended in the air. Contact and droplet precautions require
different PPE.
,5. A client's oxygen saturation (SpO2) is 92% on room air. The appropriate
initial action is to:
A) Document the finding as normal
B) Apply oxygen and notify the healthcare provider
C) Reassess in 4 hours
D) Increase the client's fluid intake
Correct Answer: Apply oxygen and notify the healthcare provider
Rationale: Normal SpO2 is 95-100%. An SpO2 of 92% indicates hypoxemia
and requires intervention, including applying supplemental oxygen and
notifying the healthcare provider for further orders.
6. A client is prescribed a medication that is available in a concentration of
250 mg per 5 mL. The order is for 500 mg. How many mL should be
administered?
A) 5 mL
B) 10 mL
C) 15 mL
D) 20 mL
Correct Answer: 10 mL
Rationale: To calculate the dose: 500 mg ÷ 250 mg per 5 mL = 2 × 5 mL =
10 mL. The correct volume to administer is 10 mL to deliver the ordered 500
mg dose.
7. Which of the following is a component of the "five rights" of medication
administration?
, A) Right room
B) Right diagnosis
C) Right dose
D) Right insurance
Correct Answer: Right dose
Rationale: The rights of medication administration include right client, right
drug, right dose, right route, right time, right documentation, and right
reason. Right room, diagnosis, and insurance are not among the standard
rights.
8. A client is prescribed a medication that is known to cause photosensitivity.
Which instruction should be included in the teaching?
A) "Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen."
B) "Take the medication at night to avoid sun exposure."
C) "Increase your intake of vitamin D."
D) "Wear dark clothing to protect your skin."
Correct Answer: "Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen."
Rationale: Photosensitivity increases the skin's sensitivity to sunlight, so
clients should avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen. Taking the
medication at night does not prevent photosensitivity.
9. A client is prescribed an opioid analgesic for severe pain. Which adverse
effect is most commonly associated with opioid use?
A) Diarrhea
B) Constipation
