PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
MULTIPLE CHOICE 7* 7*
7*
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
7* d. Cells can synthesize fats.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: C 7* 7*
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from the
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
metabolic absorption. 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 2 7* 7* 7*
7*
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus 7* 7* 7*
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: C 7* 7*
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 2 7* 7* 7*
7*
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidati
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ve reaction?
7* 7*
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes 7* 7* 7*
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: B 7* 7*
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to re
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
7* 7* 7* 7*
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted int
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
o the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. L
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, n
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 8 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell i
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
njury? 7*
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: D 7* 7*
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enz
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplas
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
mic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Pages 7-8 7* 7* 7*
7*
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysos
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell memb
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
rane. 7*
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
me for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: A 7* 7*
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other
* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. G1 c. G2 7* 7* 7*
b. S d. M 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: B 7* 7*
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is th
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
e period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completi
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
on of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nucl
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ear and cytoplasmic division.
7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 37 7* 7* 7*
7*
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rece
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Lipids 7* c. Proteins
7* 7*
b. Proteases 7* d. Carbohydrates
7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: C 7* 7*
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in an
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
d out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particle
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
s called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides;
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certa
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
in ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of othe
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
r ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular e
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
nvironment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 13 | Page 15 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy fo
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
r which human diseases?
7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: B 7* 7*
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug int
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
erventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, inc
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
luding cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7
correctly describe this process.
* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 15 7* 7* 7*
7*
9. Which structure prevents water-
7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chains 7* 7* c. Membrane channel proteins
7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Glycoprotein channels 7* 7* d. Lipid bilayer
7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: D 7* 7*
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membra
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ne. It is impermeable to most water-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Pages 12-13 7* 7* 7*
7*
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. How a cell membrane functions 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis
for Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH
ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 9TH EDITION)
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
MULTIPLE CHOICE 7* 7*
7*
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
7* d. Cells can synthesize fats.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: C 7* 7*
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from the
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ir surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
metabolic absorption. 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 2 7* 7* 7*
7*
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus 7* 7* 7*
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: C 7* 7*
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 2 7* 7* 7*
7*
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (HNURSINGTB.COM
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidati
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ve reaction?
7* 7*
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes 7* 7* 7*
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: B 7* 7*
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to re
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
move hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-
7* 7* 7* 7*
protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted int
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
o the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. L
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, n
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 8 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell i
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
njury? 7*
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: D 7* 7*
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enz
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplas
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
mic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Pages 7-8 7* 7* 7*
7*
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
me for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysos
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell memb
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
rane. 7*
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the riboso
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
me for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: A 7* 7*
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7
for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other
* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. G1 c. G2 7* 7* 7*
b. S d. M 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: B 7* 7*
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is th
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
e period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completi
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
on of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nucl
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ear and cytoplasmic division.
7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 37 7* 7* 7*
7*
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as rece
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Lipids 7* c. Proteins
7* 7*
b. Proteases 7* d. Carbohydrates
7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: C 7* 7*
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in an
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
d out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particle
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
s called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides;
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certa
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
in ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of othe
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
r ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular e
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
nvironment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 13 | Page 15 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy fo
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
r which human diseases?
7* 7* 7* 7*
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: B 7* 7*
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug int
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
erventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, inc
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
luding cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7
correctly describe this process.
* 7* 7* 7* 7*
7*
PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Page 15 7* 7* 7*
7*
9. Which structure prevents water-
7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane?
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
NURSINGTB.COM
a. Carbohydrate chains 7* 7* c. Membrane channel proteins
7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Glycoprotein channels 7* 7* d. Lipid bilayer
7* 7* 7*
7*
7*
ANS: D 7* 7*
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membra
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
ne. It is impermeable to most water-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve in water) because the water-
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The bilayer serves as a barrier to
7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-
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soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it
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readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 7* 7* REF: Pages 12-13 7* 7* 7*
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10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7* 7*
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