,BIOD 101 Final Exam | Practice Q&A | 2026/2027 | Biology | Portage
Learning | 100% PASS
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
A) Movement
B) Cellular organization
C) Ability to grow indefinitely
D) Presence of a nucleus
Correct Answer: Cellular organization
Rationale: All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which is
the fundamental characteristic distinguishing life from non-life. Movement is
not universal (e.g., plants do not move), growth is finite, and prokaryotes
lack a nucleus.
2. What is the primary function of the cell wall in a bacterial cell?
A) To store genetic material
B) To provide structural support and protection
C) To produce energy
D) To regulate the passage of substances
Correct Answer: To provide structural support and protection
Rationale: The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the bacterial cell
membrane, providing structural support and protection against osmotic
pressure.
,3. In an experiment testing the effect of a new energy drink on heart rate,
the heart rate is measured. What is the role of the heart rate in this
experiment?
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Control variable
D) Constant variable
Correct Answer: Dependent variable
Rationale: The heart rate is the dependent variable because it is the factor
being measured and is expected to change in response to the independent
variable (the energy drink).
4. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are
called:
A) Ions
B) Isotopes
C) Molecules
D) Compounds
Correct Answer: Isotopes
Rationale: Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
5. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
, C) Electron
D) Nucleus
Correct Answer: Electron
Rationale: Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the
nucleus. Protons carry a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral.
6. Which of the following elements is most abundant in living organisms?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Oxygen
D) Sodium
Correct Answer: Oxygen
Rationale: The six predominate elements in living organisms are oxygen,
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate. Oxygen is the most
abundant element in living organisms.
7. Describe an ionic bond.
A) Formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms
B) Formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are attracted to one
another
C) Formed by electrostatic interactions between molecules
D) Formed when atoms share electrons unequally
Learning | 100% PASS
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
A) Movement
B) Cellular organization
C) Ability to grow indefinitely
D) Presence of a nucleus
Correct Answer: Cellular organization
Rationale: All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which is
the fundamental characteristic distinguishing life from non-life. Movement is
not universal (e.g., plants do not move), growth is finite, and prokaryotes
lack a nucleus.
2. What is the primary function of the cell wall in a bacterial cell?
A) To store genetic material
B) To provide structural support and protection
C) To produce energy
D) To regulate the passage of substances
Correct Answer: To provide structural support and protection
Rationale: The cell wall is a rigid structure that surrounds the bacterial cell
membrane, providing structural support and protection against osmotic
pressure.
,3. In an experiment testing the effect of a new energy drink on heart rate,
the heart rate is measured. What is the role of the heart rate in this
experiment?
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Control variable
D) Constant variable
Correct Answer: Dependent variable
Rationale: The heart rate is the dependent variable because it is the factor
being measured and is expected to change in response to the independent
variable (the energy drink).
4. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are
called:
A) Ions
B) Isotopes
C) Molecules
D) Compounds
Correct Answer: Isotopes
Rationale: Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same
number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
5. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
, C) Electron
D) Nucleus
Correct Answer: Electron
Rationale: Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the
nucleus. Protons carry a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral.
6. Which of the following elements is most abundant in living organisms?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Oxygen
D) Sodium
Correct Answer: Oxygen
Rationale: The six predominate elements in living organisms are oxygen,
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate. Oxygen is the most
abundant element in living organisms.
7. Describe an ionic bond.
A) Formed when electrons are shared equally between two atoms
B) Formed when ions of molecules of opposite charge are attracted to one
another
C) Formed by electrostatic interactions between molecules
D) Formed when atoms share electrons unequally
