CSET MULTIPLE SUBJECTS SUBTEST 1 READING LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CSET MULTIPLE SUBJECTS SUBTEST 1
READING LANGUAGE AND
LITERATURE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS

LANGUAGEiACQUISITIONi-ians-
Almostieveryihumanichildisucceedsiinilearningilanguage.iTheimosticomplexiskillithatiai
humanibeingiwillieverimaster.iNearlyiallipeopleisucceediinilearningithisicomplexiskillid
emonstratesihowiwellilanguageihasiadapteditoihumaninature.iLanguageiisitheicomplet
eiexpressioniofiwhatiitimeansitoibeihuman.

BasiciComponentsiofiHumaniLanguagei-ians-1.Phonology
2.Semantics
3.Grammar:i
4.Pragmatics:i
5.Morphology:i
6.Syntax:

phonologyi-ians-
Theistudyiofitheisoundisystemiofiaigivenilanguageianditheianalysisiandiclassificationio
fiitsiphonemes.

Semanticsi-ians-
Theisystemiofimeaningsithatiareiexpressedibyiwordsiandiphrases.iIniorderitoiserveiasi
aimeansioficommunicationibetweenipeople,iwordsimustihaveiaisharedioriconventionali
meaning.iPickingioutitheicorrectimeaningiforieachinewiwordiisiaimajorilearningitaskifor
ichildren.

Grammeri-ians-
Theisystemiofirulesibyiwhichiwordsiandiphrasesiareiarrangeditoimakeimeaningfulistat
ements.iChildrenineeditoilearnihowitoiuseitheiorderingiofiwordsitoimarkigrammaticalifu
nctionsisuchiasisubjectioridirectiobject.

Pragmaticsi-ians-
Theifieldiofistudyithatiemphasizesihowilanguageiisiusediinispecificisituationsitoiaccom
plishigoals

Morphologyi-ians-Theistudyiofiwordiformationiandistructure.

,Syntaxi-ians-
Theigrammaticaliarrangementiofiwordsiinisentences;theirulesiforicombiningiwordsiintoi
grammaticallyisensibleisentencesiiniaigivenilanguage,

MethodsiforiStudyingiLanguageiAcquisitioni-ians-
1.iRecordingianditranscribingiwhatichildrenisay.i
2.iResearchersicaniHABITUATE
3.iChildrenicanibeishownipicturesiofitoysialongiwithitheiriname

MethodsiforiStudyingiLanguageiAcquisioni-ians-
4.iChildrenicanibeiaskeditoiansweriquestions,i
5.irepeatisentences
6.ijudgmentsiaboutigrammar.

ReasonsiforiStudyingiLanguageiAcquisitioni-ians-
Havingiobtainediaisetiofidataifromichildrenioritheiriparents,iresearchersinextineeditoigr
oupitheseidataiintoimeasuresiofiparticularitypesiofilanguageiskills,isuchiasivocabulary,i
sentences,iconcepts,ioriconversationali
abilities.

WhatiisiLanguage?i-ians-
Languageiisitheihumanicapacityiforiacquiringiandiusingicomplexisystemsioficommunic
ation.

Linguisticsi-ians-Theiscientificistudyiofilanguageiisicalledilinguistics.

HowiManyiLanguageiareithere?i-ians-
Numberiofilanguagesiandidialects.iestimatesivaryibetweeniaroundi6,000iandi7,000ilan
guages

WhatidoesiHumaniLanguageiRelyion?i-ians-socialiconventioniandilearning.

HowididiLanguageioriginate?i-ians-
Languageiisithoughtitoihaveioriginatediwheniearlyihomininsifirstistartedicooperating,igr
aduallyichangingitheiriprimateicommunicationisystemsiasitheyiacquireditheiabilityitoifor
miaitheoryiofiotherimindsiandisharediintentionality.Theiuseiofilanguageiisideeplyientre
nchediinihumaniculture.

WhereiisiLanguageiprocessediinitheibrain?i-ians-
Languageiisiprocessediinimanyidifferentilocationsiinitheihumanibrain,ibutiespeciallyiini
Broca'siandiWernicke'siareas.

Howidoihumansiacquireilanguage?i-ians-
Humansiacquireilanguageithroughisocialiinteractioniiniearlyichildhood.iChildrenigenera
llyispeakifluentlyiwhenitheyiareiaroundithreeiyearsiold.

, WhatiareitheisocialiandiculturaliusesiofiLanguage?i-ians-
Signifyingigroupiidentity,isocialistratification,iasiwelliasiforisocialigroomingiandientertai
nment.

Semiosisi-ians-
Toirelateisignsiwithiparticularimeanings.iLanguagesirelyionitheiprocessiofisemiosis.

HowiareilanguagesiSystematic?i-ians-Allilanguagesihaveisystems.

Phonologicalisystemi-ians-
Governsihowisymbolsiareiuseditoiformisequencesiknowniasiwordsiorimorphemes.

UniversalityiofiLinguisticiStructuresioriLanguagesi-ians-Allilanguagesiareisystemici
Allilanguagesiareiconventionali
Allilanguagesiareiredundant.
Allilanguagesichange.

HowiareilanguagesiConventional?i-ians-
Itimeansithatieveryoneispeaksitheilanguageitheisameiway.iAlliofiaicertainiitemihasion
einame.

HowiareilanguagesiRedundant?i-ians-
Itimeansithatiallilanguagesisayitheisameithingsitwicei(e.g.isubject-verbiagreement.)

HowidoilanguagesiChange?i-ians-
Languagesineveristayitheisame.iNewiwordsiareiadded,itheiriisiailossiofiwords,ioriboth.

SyntacticiSystemi-ians-
Aisystemiofirulesiandistructuresiwhichigovernsihowiwordsiandimorphemesiareicombin
editoiformiphrasesiandiutterances.

PotentialiForiDifferencesiamongiLanguagesi-ians-
Languagesievolveiandidiversifyioveritime,ianditheihistoryiofitheirievolutionicanibeireco
nstructedibyicomparingimodernilanguagesitoidetermineiwhichitraitsitheiriancestralilang
uagesimustihaveihadiforitheilateristagesitoihaveioccurred.

WhatiisiaiLanguageiFamily?i-ians-
Aigroupiofilanguagesithatidescendifromiaicommoniancestoriisiknowniasiailanguageifa
mily.

olondoiEuropeaniLanguageiFamilyi-ians-
English,iSpanish,iPortuguese,iRussianiandiHindi.

Sino-TibetanilanguageiFamilyi-ians-MandariniChinese,iCantoneseiandimanyiothers

SemiticilanguageiFamilyi-ians-Arabic,iAmhariciandiHebrew