CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
STUDY GUIDE
●● Modern cell theory has expanded on these fundamental statements,
and can best be summarized in the following seven statements:
Answer: 1. All known living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living
organisms.
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of
independent cells.
5. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
6. Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome
and RNA found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
7. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms
of similar species
●● The deregulation of apoptosis may lead to the development of
various diseases. Which of these may develop from insufficient
apoptosis?
Alzheimer's
, Parkinson's
Huntington's disease
Turner Syndrome
Cancer
Answer: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease are
neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by excessive
apoptosis. Turner Syndrome is a genetic disease that does not have a
direct connection to apoptosis. However, a lack of apoptosis would lead
to cell proliferation, as the body would not be able to successfully
eradicate damaged cells. This cell proliferation often manifests as
cancer.
●● A scientist wants to detach a peripheral membrane protein from the
exterior of a cell membrane. Which is the best method to do so?
Answer: Peripheral membrane proteins are held in place by electrostatic
interactions and hydrogen bonding. They are generally hydrophilic.
Changing the salt concentration (a "salt wash") or the pH would disrupt
both of these types of bonds and release the peripheral membrane
protein from the cell membrane.
●● What is The Miller-Urey experiment?
Answer: They used ammonia, methane, water and hydrogen in a series
of tubes. One flask was half-filled with liquid water and the other with 2
electrodes (to simulate lighting in early earth). The flask with water was
heated to simulate the temperature of early Earth, and sparks were fired
from the electrodes to simulate lightning. After 2 weeks, they observed
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
STUDY GUIDE
●● Modern cell theory has expanded on these fundamental statements,
and can best be summarized in the following seven statements:
Answer: 1. All known living things are made up of one or more cells
2. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
3. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living
organisms.
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of
independent cells.
5. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.
6. Cells contain DNA which is found specifically in the chromosome
and RNA found in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm.
7. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms
of similar species
●● The deregulation of apoptosis may lead to the development of
various diseases. Which of these may develop from insufficient
apoptosis?
Alzheimer's
, Parkinson's
Huntington's disease
Turner Syndrome
Cancer
Answer: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease are
neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by excessive
apoptosis. Turner Syndrome is a genetic disease that does not have a
direct connection to apoptosis. However, a lack of apoptosis would lead
to cell proliferation, as the body would not be able to successfully
eradicate damaged cells. This cell proliferation often manifests as
cancer.
●● A scientist wants to detach a peripheral membrane protein from the
exterior of a cell membrane. Which is the best method to do so?
Answer: Peripheral membrane proteins are held in place by electrostatic
interactions and hydrogen bonding. They are generally hydrophilic.
Changing the salt concentration (a "salt wash") or the pH would disrupt
both of these types of bonds and release the peripheral membrane
protein from the cell membrane.
●● What is The Miller-Urey experiment?
Answer: They used ammonia, methane, water and hydrogen in a series
of tubes. One flask was half-filled with liquid water and the other with 2
electrodes (to simulate lighting in early earth). The flask with water was
heated to simulate the temperature of early Earth, and sparks were fired
from the electrodes to simulate lightning. After 2 weeks, they observed
