CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION TEST
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

●● Integral protein
Answer: Protein embedded inside the membrane (often transport or
receptors)


●● Channel protein
Answer: Forms a tunnel for molecules to pass through membrane


●● Cholesterol
Answer: Lipid that controls membrane fluidity


●● Diffusion
Answer: Movement from high → low concentration


●● Facilitated diffusion
Answer: Diffusion using protein channels, no energy needed


●● Active transport

, Answer: Moves low → high, uses ATP energy


●● Endocytosis
Answer: Cell brings material IN


●● Exocytosis
Answer: Cell releases material OUT


●● Passive transport
Answer: No energy required (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)


●● Catalyst
Answer: Speeds up reactions without being used up (enzymes are
catalysts)


●● Substrate
Answer: Molecule an enzyme works on


●● Optimal conditions
Answer: Best environment (temperature/pH) for enzyme activity


●● Hydrogen bond