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Classi cation of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia = is a psychotic disorder to do with the loss of contact with reality - it is an episodic illness meaning people
have periods of psychotic disturbances with periods of normal functioning
Diagnosis and classi cation =
Prevalence:
• Sz is a serious mental disorder a ecting 1% of the population
• It’s mostly common in males, people who live in the city and people who are poor/have a low socio-economic status
• Onset occurs in early adult life, later in woman
DSM-5 & ICD-10 di er (they are both diagnostic manuals for psychological disorders):
• DSM-5 = mostly used in USA - you need to have atleast one positive symptom for 6 months for su cient diagnosis
• ICD-10 = European - you need to display 2 or more negative symptoms for atleast 1 month for su cient diagnosis
Symptoms of Sz =
1) positive symptoms - seen as addition to a persons normal behaviour
• hallucinations - unusual sensory experience - some are related to environment, others have nothing to do with what the
senses are picking up from the environment. E.g voices that talk to them or make comments that are usually negative -
2 types - auditory (hearing voices) & visual (seeing things that arent there)
• Delusions - are irrational beliefs thst can take many di erent forms - common delusions involve: conspiracy theories
like the earth is at, persecution from superpower, grandiose view (you think you are king or queen, head of CIA et),
delusions of body - part of you is under external control
2) negative symptoms - involve losses of behaviour seen as normal
• avolition - severe loss of motivation to carry out every day tasks - 4 signs of avolition: poor hygiene, lack of persistence
in work/education, lack of energy and absence of mood ( at a ect) - it results in lowered activity levels and
unwillingness to carry out goal-directed behaviours
• Speech poverty - a reduction in the amount and quality of speech - may include delays in verbal responses during a
conversation - according to ICD-10 this is seen as a negative symptom as it emphasises on the reduction in the
amount or quality of speech a person has - whereas, DSM-5 view it as a positive symptom
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Classi cation of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia = is a psychotic disorder to do with the loss of contact with reality - it is an episodic illness meaning people
have periods of psychotic disturbances with periods of normal functioning
Diagnosis and classi cation =
Prevalence:
• Sz is a serious mental disorder a ecting 1% of the population
• It’s mostly common in males, people who live in the city and people who are poor/have a low socio-economic status
• Onset occurs in early adult life, later in woman
DSM-5 & ICD-10 di er (they are both diagnostic manuals for psychological disorders):
• DSM-5 = mostly used in USA - you need to have atleast one positive symptom for 6 months for su cient diagnosis
• ICD-10 = European - you need to display 2 or more negative symptoms for atleast 1 month for su cient diagnosis
Symptoms of Sz =
1) positive symptoms - seen as addition to a persons normal behaviour
• hallucinations - unusual sensory experience - some are related to environment, others have nothing to do with what the
senses are picking up from the environment. E.g voices that talk to them or make comments that are usually negative -
2 types - auditory (hearing voices) & visual (seeing things that arent there)
• Delusions - are irrational beliefs thst can take many di erent forms - common delusions involve: conspiracy theories
like the earth is at, persecution from superpower, grandiose view (you think you are king or queen, head of CIA et),
delusions of body - part of you is under external control
2) negative symptoms - involve losses of behaviour seen as normal
• avolition - severe loss of motivation to carry out every day tasks - 4 signs of avolition: poor hygiene, lack of persistence
in work/education, lack of energy and absence of mood ( at a ect) - it results in lowered activity levels and
unwillingness to carry out goal-directed behaviours
• Speech poverty - a reduction in the amount and quality of speech - may include delays in verbal responses during a
conversation - according to ICD-10 this is seen as a negative symptom as it emphasises on the reduction in the
amount or quality of speech a person has - whereas, DSM-5 view it as a positive symptom
flfiff fi ff fl ff ff
