NURS 251 Module 4 Exam – Pharmacology 2026 UPDATE
1. Which mechanism of action is primarily associated with Penicillins?
A. Inhibition of protein synthesis
B. Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
C. Interference with DNA replication
D. Disruption of the bacterial cell membrane
Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial
cell wall, leading to cell lysis.
2. A patient with a known severe allergy to Penicillin should be monitored closely for cross-
sensitivity when receiving which class of drugs?
A. Cephalosporins
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Tetracyclines
D. Aminoglycosides
Answer: A
,Rationale: Cephalosporins share a similar beta-lactam ring structure with Penicillins,
which can lead to cross-sensitivity in allergic patients.
3. Which side effect is a major concern with the administration of Gentamicin?
A. Discoloration of teeth
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Tendon rupture
D. Ototoxicity
Answer: D
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, is known for its potential to cause ototoxicity
(hearing loss/tinnitus) and nephrotoxicity.
4. Why should Tetracyclines be avoided in children under the age of 8?
A. Risk of tendon rupture
B. Potential for permanent tooth discoloration
C. High risk of allergic reaction
D. Likelihood of causing excessive growth
Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracyclines bind to calcium in developing teeth, leading to permanent yellow
or brown staining.
, 5. What is a common adverse effect associated with the rapid infusion of Vancomycin?
A. Red Man Syndrome
B. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
C. Grey Baby Syndrome
D. Torsades de pointes
Answer: A
Rationale: Red Man Syndrome is characterized by flushing, rash, and hypotension caused
by rapid IV infusion of Vancomycin, which triggers histamine release.
6. Which antibiotic class carries a Black Box Warning for the risk of Achilles tendon rupture?
A. Penicillins
B. Macrolides
C. Sulfonamides
D. Fluoroquinolones
Answer: D
Rationale: Fluoroquinolones like Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin are associated with an
increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture.
7. What education should be provided to a patient taking Sulfonamides (Bactrim)?
A. Increase fluid intake to prevent crystalluria
1. Which mechanism of action is primarily associated with Penicillins?
A. Inhibition of protein synthesis
B. Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis
C. Interference with DNA replication
D. Disruption of the bacterial cell membrane
Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics that inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial
cell wall, leading to cell lysis.
2. A patient with a known severe allergy to Penicillin should be monitored closely for cross-
sensitivity when receiving which class of drugs?
A. Cephalosporins
B. Fluoroquinolones
C. Tetracyclines
D. Aminoglycosides
Answer: A
,Rationale: Cephalosporins share a similar beta-lactam ring structure with Penicillins,
which can lead to cross-sensitivity in allergic patients.
3. Which side effect is a major concern with the administration of Gentamicin?
A. Discoloration of teeth
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Tendon rupture
D. Ototoxicity
Answer: D
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, is known for its potential to cause ototoxicity
(hearing loss/tinnitus) and nephrotoxicity.
4. Why should Tetracyclines be avoided in children under the age of 8?
A. Risk of tendon rupture
B. Potential for permanent tooth discoloration
C. High risk of allergic reaction
D. Likelihood of causing excessive growth
Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracyclines bind to calcium in developing teeth, leading to permanent yellow
or brown staining.
, 5. What is a common adverse effect associated with the rapid infusion of Vancomycin?
A. Red Man Syndrome
B. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
C. Grey Baby Syndrome
D. Torsades de pointes
Answer: A
Rationale: Red Man Syndrome is characterized by flushing, rash, and hypotension caused
by rapid IV infusion of Vancomycin, which triggers histamine release.
6. Which antibiotic class carries a Black Box Warning for the risk of Achilles tendon rupture?
A. Penicillins
B. Macrolides
C. Sulfonamides
D. Fluoroquinolones
Answer: D
Rationale: Fluoroquinolones like Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin are associated with an
increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture.
7. What education should be provided to a patient taking Sulfonamides (Bactrim)?
A. Increase fluid intake to prevent crystalluria
