NURS 5315 ENDOCRINE EXAM /UTA NURS 5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8 ENDOCRINE EXAM ACTUAL
EXAM 2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS AND DETAILED RATIONALES
(RELIABLE ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026
EDITION |GUARANTEED PASS A+ |FULL REVISED EXAM
|INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF |BRAND NEW!
A patient with a pituitary adenoma presents with acromegaly.
Which of the following hormones is most likely elevated?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C. Prolactin (PRL)
D. Growth hormone (GH)
Correct Answer: D. Growth hormone (GH)
Rationale: Acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone (GH)
secretion, typically from a pituitary adenoma, occurring after
epiphyseal plate closure in adulthood. In children, excessive GH
causes gigantism. TSH elevation causes hyperthyroidism, ACTH
elevation causes Cushing's disease, and prolactin elevation causes
galactorrhea and amenorrhea.
,A 35-year-old female presents with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and
visual field defects. MRI reveals a pituitary macroadenoma. Which
laboratory finding is most likely?
A. Elevated TSH
B. Elevated cortisol
C. Elevated growth hormone
D. Elevated prolactin
Correct Answer: D. Elevated prolactin
Rationale: Prolactinomas are the most common secretory pituitary
tumors. Elevated prolactin causes amenorrhea (due to suppression of
GnRH), galactorrhea, and when macroadenomas compress the optic
chiasm, visual field defects (bitemporal hemianopsia).
A patient with a suspected pituitary tumor undergoes a water
deprivation test. Which finding is consistent with central diabetes
insipidus?
A. Increased serum osmolality with decreased urine osmolality after
water deprivation
B. Decreased serum osmolality with increased urine osmolality after
water deprivation
C. Normal serum and urine osmolality after water deprivation
D. Increased serum osmolality with increased urine osmolality after
water deprivation
Correct Answer: A. Increased serum osmolality with decreased
urine osmolality after water deprivation
,Rationale: Central diabetes insipidus results from deficient ADH
secretion. During water deprivation, serum osmolality rises while
urine remains dilute (low osmolality) due to the kidney's inability to
concentrate urine without ADH.
A patient with a known pituitary tumor presents with headache,
nausea, vomiting, and visual field defects. Which complication
should the nurse suspect?
A. Pituitary apoplexy
B. Meningitis
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D. Intracranial hypertension
Correct Answer: A. Pituitary apoplexy
Rationale: Pituitary apoplexy is a sudden hemorrhage or infarction
of a pituitary adenoma, causing rapid enlargement, headache,
nausea, vomiting, visual field defects, and potentially
hypopituitarism and adrenal crisis.
A 45-year-old female presents with fatigue, weight gain, cold
intolerance, and constipation. Laboratory findings reveal elevated
TSH and decreased free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Graves' disease
B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
C. Toxic multinodular goiter
D. Subacute thyroiditis
Correct Answer: B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
, Rationale: Elevated TSH with low free T4 indicates primary
hypothyroidism, most commonly caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
an autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue.
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing hypoglycemia.
Which counterregulatory hormone is most rapidly released in
response to decreasing blood glucose levels?
A. Cortisol
B. Growth hormone
C. Glucagon
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: C. Glucagon
Rationale: Glucagon is the primary and most rapidly released
counterregulatory hormone, stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis
within minutes of hypoglycemia onset.
A 60-year-old male presents with severe headache, visual field
defects, and hypertension. MRI reveals a pituitary macroadenoma.
Which visual field defect is most commonly associated with this
condition?
A. Homonymous hemianopia
B. Bitemporal hemianopia
C. Binasal hemianopia
D. Central scotoma
Correct Answer: B. Bitemporal hemianopia
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 8 ENDOCRINE EXAM ACTUAL
EXAM 2026/2027 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND STUDY GUIDE
COMPLETE ACCURATE EXAM REAL QUESTIONS WITH WELL
ELABORATED ANSWERS AND DETAILED RATIONALES
(RELIABLE ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026
EDITION |GUARANTEED PASS A+ |FULL REVISED EXAM
|INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF |BRAND NEW!
A patient with a pituitary adenoma presents with acromegaly.
Which of the following hormones is most likely elevated?
A. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C. Prolactin (PRL)
D. Growth hormone (GH)
Correct Answer: D. Growth hormone (GH)
Rationale: Acromegaly is caused by excessive growth hormone (GH)
secretion, typically from a pituitary adenoma, occurring after
epiphyseal plate closure in adulthood. In children, excessive GH
causes gigantism. TSH elevation causes hyperthyroidism, ACTH
elevation causes Cushing's disease, and prolactin elevation causes
galactorrhea and amenorrhea.
,A 35-year-old female presents with amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and
visual field defects. MRI reveals a pituitary macroadenoma. Which
laboratory finding is most likely?
A. Elevated TSH
B. Elevated cortisol
C. Elevated growth hormone
D. Elevated prolactin
Correct Answer: D. Elevated prolactin
Rationale: Prolactinomas are the most common secretory pituitary
tumors. Elevated prolactin causes amenorrhea (due to suppression of
GnRH), galactorrhea, and when macroadenomas compress the optic
chiasm, visual field defects (bitemporal hemianopsia).
A patient with a suspected pituitary tumor undergoes a water
deprivation test. Which finding is consistent with central diabetes
insipidus?
A. Increased serum osmolality with decreased urine osmolality after
water deprivation
B. Decreased serum osmolality with increased urine osmolality after
water deprivation
C. Normal serum and urine osmolality after water deprivation
D. Increased serum osmolality with increased urine osmolality after
water deprivation
Correct Answer: A. Increased serum osmolality with decreased
urine osmolality after water deprivation
,Rationale: Central diabetes insipidus results from deficient ADH
secretion. During water deprivation, serum osmolality rises while
urine remains dilute (low osmolality) due to the kidney's inability to
concentrate urine without ADH.
A patient with a known pituitary tumor presents with headache,
nausea, vomiting, and visual field defects. Which complication
should the nurse suspect?
A. Pituitary apoplexy
B. Meningitis
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D. Intracranial hypertension
Correct Answer: A. Pituitary apoplexy
Rationale: Pituitary apoplexy is a sudden hemorrhage or infarction
of a pituitary adenoma, causing rapid enlargement, headache,
nausea, vomiting, visual field defects, and potentially
hypopituitarism and adrenal crisis.
A 45-year-old female presents with fatigue, weight gain, cold
intolerance, and constipation. Laboratory findings reveal elevated
TSH and decreased free T4. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Graves' disease
B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
C. Toxic multinodular goiter
D. Subacute thyroiditis
Correct Answer: B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
, Rationale: Elevated TSH with low free T4 indicates primary
hypothyroidism, most commonly caused by Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
an autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue.
A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing hypoglycemia.
Which counterregulatory hormone is most rapidly released in
response to decreasing blood glucose levels?
A. Cortisol
B. Growth hormone
C. Glucagon
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: C. Glucagon
Rationale: Glucagon is the primary and most rapidly released
counterregulatory hormone, stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis
within minutes of hypoglycemia onset.
A 60-year-old male presents with severe headache, visual field
defects, and hypertension. MRI reveals a pituitary macroadenoma.
Which visual field defect is most commonly associated with this
condition?
A. Homonymous hemianopia
B. Bitemporal hemianopia
C. Binasal hemianopia
D. Central scotoma
Correct Answer: B. Bitemporal hemianopia
