University of Nursing Excellence
3 MAXE · 613-GSN
★ ★
NSG College of Nursing & Health Sciences
EXAM 3
E X C E L L E N C E I N N U R S I N G E D U C AT I O N
NSG-316 Exam 3 — Cardiovascular & Respiratory
Complete Q&A Review
C A R D I AC A SS E SS M E N T, R E S P I RATO RY A SS E SS M E N T, P E R I P H E RA L VA S CU L A R &
PAT H O LO G Y
INSTITUTION University of Nursing Excellence COURSE CODE NSG-316
PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE NSG-316 Exam 3 — Cardiovascular TOTAL QUESTIONS 100 Questions
& Respiratory Complete Q&A
Review
COURSE TITLE Health Assessment & Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Fundamentals Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Topics include cardiac assessment, respiratory assessment, peripheral vascular assessment, and related
pathology.
▸ Correct answers and rationales appear below each question for review purposes.
▸ All content aligns with NSG-316 Exam 3 curriculum competencies.
, SECTION I — CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY &
Questions 1 – 100
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR ASSESSMENT
1. Explain the blood flow through the heart in the correct order.
A. Superior and inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle →
pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left
atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta →
body
B. Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body
C. Left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium → right ventricle → body
D. Superior vena cava → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aorta
CORRECT ANSWER A — Superior and inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve →
right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary artery → lungs
→ pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle
→ aortic semilunar valve → aorta → body
RATIONALE Blood flows from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava into the
right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It then
passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the
lungs. Oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium,
through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, and exits through the aortic
semilunar valve into the aorta to the body.
2. Which valves are open during diastole?
A. AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
B. SL valves (aortic and pulmonic)
C. All valves are open
D. No valves are open
CORRECT ANSWER A — AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
RATIONALE During diastole, the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are open to allow blood to
flow from the atria into the ventricles. The SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) are
closed during diastole to prevent backflow from the arteries.
,3. What are the valves doing during systole?
A. AV valves open and SL valves close
B. AV valves close and SL valves open
C. All valves are open
D. All valves are closed
CORRECT ANSWER B — AV valves close and SL valves open
RATIONALE During systole, the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) close to prevent backflow into
the atria, and the SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) open to allow blood to be
ejected from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
4. What is the S1 heart sound?
A. Closure of SL valves; end of systole
B. Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid); beginning of systole
C. Opening of AV valves; beginning of diastole
D. Closure of SL valves; beginning of diastole
CORRECT ANSWER B — Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid); beginning of systole
RATIONALE S1 (the "lub" sound) occurs with the closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)
at the beginning of systole. It is loudest at the apex of the heart.
5. What is the S2 heart sound?
A. Closure of SL valves (aortic and pulmonic); end of systole
B. Closure of AV valves; beginning of systole
C. Opening of SL valves; beginning of systole
D. Closure of AV valves; end of systole
CORRECT ANSWER A — Closure of SL valves (aortic and pulmonic); end of systole
RATIONALE S2 (the "dub" sound) occurs with the closure of the SL valves (aortic and
pulmonic) at the end of systole. It is loudest at the base of the heart.
, 6. Where is S2 the loudest?
A. Apex of the heart
B. Base of the heart
C. Left sternal border
D. Right sternal border
CORRECT ANSWER B — Base of the heart
RATIONALE S2 is loudest at the base of the heart (the top of the heart where the great vessels
attach), specifically at the aortic and pulmonic areas. This is because the SL valves
are located at the base.
7. What is the S3 heart sound?
A. Ventricles resist filling occurs right after S2 (Ken-tuck-y)
B. Ventricles resist filling occurs before S1 (Ten-nes-see)
C. Closure of AV valves
D. Closure of SL valves
CORRECT ANSWER A — Ventricles resist filling occurs right after S2 (Ken-tuck-y)
RATIONALE S3 occurs when the ventricles resist filling during the early rapid filling phase,
right after S2. It is often associated with heart failure and is described with the
mnemonic "Ken-tuck-y."
8. What is the S4 heart sound?
A. Ventricles resist filling occurs right after S2 (Ken-tuck-y)
B. Ventricles resist filling occurs before S1 (Ten-nes-see)
C. Closure of AV valves
D. Closure of SL valves
CORRECT ANSWER B — Ventricles resist filling occurs before S1 (Ten-nes-see)
RATIONALE S4 occurs at the end of diastole (presystolic) when the ventricle is resistant to
filling, just before S1. It is associated with decreased ventricular compliance and
is described with the mnemonic "Ten-nes-see."
3 MAXE · 613-GSN
★ ★
NSG College of Nursing & Health Sciences
EXAM 3
E X C E L L E N C E I N N U R S I N G E D U C AT I O N
NSG-316 Exam 3 — Cardiovascular & Respiratory
Complete Q&A Review
C A R D I AC A SS E SS M E N T, R E S P I RATO RY A SS E SS M E N T, P E R I P H E RA L VA S CU L A R &
PAT H O LO G Y
INSTITUTION University of Nursing Excellence COURSE CODE NSG-316
PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE NSG-316 Exam 3 — Cardiovascular TOTAL QUESTIONS 100 Questions
& Respiratory Complete Q&A
Review
COURSE TITLE Health Assessment & Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Fundamentals Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ Topics include cardiac assessment, respiratory assessment, peripheral vascular assessment, and related
pathology.
▸ Correct answers and rationales appear below each question for review purposes.
▸ All content aligns with NSG-316 Exam 3 curriculum competencies.
, SECTION I — CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY &
Questions 1 – 100
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR ASSESSMENT
1. Explain the blood flow through the heart in the correct order.
A. Superior and inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle →
pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left
atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aorta →
body
B. Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body
C. Left atrium → left ventricle → lungs → right atrium → right ventricle → body
D. Superior vena cava → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aorta
CORRECT ANSWER A — Superior and inferior vena cava → right atrium → tricuspid valve →
right ventricle → pulmonary semilunar valve → pulmonary artery → lungs
→ pulmonary vein → left atrium → bicuspid (mitral) valve → left ventricle
→ aortic semilunar valve → aorta → body
RATIONALE Blood flows from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava into the
right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It then
passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the
lungs. Oxygenated blood returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium,
through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, and exits through the aortic
semilunar valve into the aorta to the body.
2. Which valves are open during diastole?
A. AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
B. SL valves (aortic and pulmonic)
C. All valves are open
D. No valves are open
CORRECT ANSWER A — AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)
RATIONALE During diastole, the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) are open to allow blood to
flow from the atria into the ventricles. The SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) are
closed during diastole to prevent backflow from the arteries.
,3. What are the valves doing during systole?
A. AV valves open and SL valves close
B. AV valves close and SL valves open
C. All valves are open
D. All valves are closed
CORRECT ANSWER B — AV valves close and SL valves open
RATIONALE During systole, the AV valves (tricuspid and mitral) close to prevent backflow into
the atria, and the SL valves (aortic and pulmonic) open to allow blood to be
ejected from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta.
4. What is the S1 heart sound?
A. Closure of SL valves; end of systole
B. Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid); beginning of systole
C. Opening of AV valves; beginning of diastole
D. Closure of SL valves; beginning of diastole
CORRECT ANSWER B — Closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid); beginning of systole
RATIONALE S1 (the "lub" sound) occurs with the closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)
at the beginning of systole. It is loudest at the apex of the heart.
5. What is the S2 heart sound?
A. Closure of SL valves (aortic and pulmonic); end of systole
B. Closure of AV valves; beginning of systole
C. Opening of SL valves; beginning of systole
D. Closure of AV valves; end of systole
CORRECT ANSWER A — Closure of SL valves (aortic and pulmonic); end of systole
RATIONALE S2 (the "dub" sound) occurs with the closure of the SL valves (aortic and
pulmonic) at the end of systole. It is loudest at the base of the heart.
, 6. Where is S2 the loudest?
A. Apex of the heart
B. Base of the heart
C. Left sternal border
D. Right sternal border
CORRECT ANSWER B — Base of the heart
RATIONALE S2 is loudest at the base of the heart (the top of the heart where the great vessels
attach), specifically at the aortic and pulmonic areas. This is because the SL valves
are located at the base.
7. What is the S3 heart sound?
A. Ventricles resist filling occurs right after S2 (Ken-tuck-y)
B. Ventricles resist filling occurs before S1 (Ten-nes-see)
C. Closure of AV valves
D. Closure of SL valves
CORRECT ANSWER A — Ventricles resist filling occurs right after S2 (Ken-tuck-y)
RATIONALE S3 occurs when the ventricles resist filling during the early rapid filling phase,
right after S2. It is often associated with heart failure and is described with the
mnemonic "Ken-tuck-y."
8. What is the S4 heart sound?
A. Ventricles resist filling occurs right after S2 (Ken-tuck-y)
B. Ventricles resist filling occurs before S1 (Ten-nes-see)
C. Closure of AV valves
D. Closure of SL valves
CORRECT ANSWER B — Ventricles resist filling occurs before S1 (Ten-nes-see)
RATIONALE S4 occurs at the end of diastole (presystolic) when the ventricle is resistant to
filling, just before S1. It is associated with decreased ventricular compliance and
is described with the mnemonic "Ten-nes-see."
