ANAT 380 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Diaphragm - Answers - Thin, musculotendinous septum that separates the thoracic and
abdominal cavities
Peripheral muscular fibres - Answers - Attach to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage
and the lumbar vertebrae, the converge on the central tendon
Right crus - Answers - Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the
anterolateral surface of the upper three lumbar vertebrae
Left crus - Answers - Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the
anterolateral surface of the upper two lumbar vertebrae
Apertures of the Diaphragm - Answers - Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, and aortic
hiatus
Caval opening - Answers - Opening for the inferior vena cava in the central tendon at
the T8 level
Esophageal hiatus - Answers - Opening for the esophagus at level T10
Aortic hiatus - Answers - Opening for the abdominal portion of the aorta between the left
and right crus, anterior to T12
Intercostal muscles - Answers - Series of muscle layers between adjacent ribs, helping
to form the chest wall. Twisting and reaching upward my result in strain or tear.
External intercostal muscles - Answers - Fibres run anteroinferiorly from the lower
border of the rib.
Internal intercostal muscles - Answers - Fibres run posterosuperiorly from the upper
border of the rib.
Manubrium - Answers - Most superior part of the sternum
Manubriosternal joint - Answers - Articulation between the manubrium and sternal body
Sternal body - Answers - Middle portion of the sternum
Xiphisternal joint - Answers - Articulation between the sternal body and diploid process
Xiphoid process - Answers - Most inferior portion of the sternum
,Vertebral arch and body - Answers - Form the vertebral foramen to protect and house
the spinal cord
Pedicle - Answers - Forms the intervertebral foramen where a spinal nerve exits the
vertebral canal
Spinous process, transverse process, and body - Answers - Attachment site for muscles
and ligaments of the spine
Intervertebral discs - Answers - Cartilaginous joints consisting of the outer annulus
fibrosis and central nucleus pulposus; act as shock absorbers and allow for some
minimal movement
Annulus fibrosis - Answers - Outer ring of the intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
Nucleus pulposus - Answers - Gelatinous structure that functions to resist compressive
force
Ribs (function) - Answers - Protect the thoracic cavity, where many vital organs and
vessels are located
Ribs (location) - Answers - Deep to the skin and superficial to the thoracic cavity
containing the heart, lungs, and esophagus
Costal cartilage - Answers - Connects the ribs to the sternum
Superior thoracic inlet - Answers - Allows passage between the thorax and the neck
Inferior thoracic inlet - Answers - Allows passage between the thorax and abdomen
Internal thoracic arteries - Answers - Main blood supply of the anterior thoracic wall;
located lateral to the sternum
Anterior intercostal arteries - Answers - Arise from the internal thoracic arteries; pass
around the thoracic wall in the costal grooves of ribs to form an anastomosis (direct
connection) with posterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries - Answers - Branches off the thoracic aorta; travel
anteriorly to anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal arteries - Answers - Run inferior to the costal margin
Intercostal nerves 1-6 - Answers - Distributed in their intercostal spaces, innervating the
intercostal muscles of the thoracic wall and overlying skin
, Intercostal nerves 7-12 - Answers - Innervates the abdominal muscles and overlying
skin
Phrenic nerve - Answers - Formed by spinal nerves C3-C5; provides motor innervation
to the diaphragm, and carry sensory innervation to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) - Answers - Separate the lobes in the breast
Lactiferous ducts - Answers - Breast milk ducts
Arterial supply of the lateral breast - Answers - Lateral thoracic arteries-branches of the
axillary artery
Arterial supply of the medial breast - Answers - Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Heart (location) - Answers - Lies behind the sternum and central part of the thoracic
cage
Apex - Answers - Inferior tip of the heart
Pericardium - Answers - Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
entering and leaving it
Interventricular septum (IV) - Answers - Divides the left and right ventricles
Aorta - Answers - Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Brachiocephalic artery - Answers - Branch of the aorta the bifurcates into the right
common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery - Answers - Branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the left arm;
gives rise to the left internal thoracic artery
Left common carotid artery - Answers - Branch of the aorta that supplies the left side of
the neck and face
Right subclavian artery - Answers - Gives rise to the right internal thoracic artery
Left and right aortic sinuses - Answers - Give rise to the left and right coronary arteries;
supplies the heart organ itself
Costomediastinal recess - Answers - Pleural recess found between the costal and
mediastinal parietal pleura; left is larger than the right because it overlies the heart
Costodiaphragmatic recess - Answers - Pleural recess between the costal and
diaphragmatic pleura, below the inferior part of the lungs.
Diaphragm - Answers - Thin, musculotendinous septum that separates the thoracic and
abdominal cavities
Peripheral muscular fibres - Answers - Attach to the inferior margin of the thoracic cage
and the lumbar vertebrae, the converge on the central tendon
Right crus - Answers - Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the
anterolateral surface of the upper three lumbar vertebrae
Left crus - Answers - Muscular extension of the diaphragm that originates from the
anterolateral surface of the upper two lumbar vertebrae
Apertures of the Diaphragm - Answers - Caval opening, esophageal hiatus, and aortic
hiatus
Caval opening - Answers - Opening for the inferior vena cava in the central tendon at
the T8 level
Esophageal hiatus - Answers - Opening for the esophagus at level T10
Aortic hiatus - Answers - Opening for the abdominal portion of the aorta between the left
and right crus, anterior to T12
Intercostal muscles - Answers - Series of muscle layers between adjacent ribs, helping
to form the chest wall. Twisting and reaching upward my result in strain or tear.
External intercostal muscles - Answers - Fibres run anteroinferiorly from the lower
border of the rib.
Internal intercostal muscles - Answers - Fibres run posterosuperiorly from the upper
border of the rib.
Manubrium - Answers - Most superior part of the sternum
Manubriosternal joint - Answers - Articulation between the manubrium and sternal body
Sternal body - Answers - Middle portion of the sternum
Xiphisternal joint - Answers - Articulation between the sternal body and diploid process
Xiphoid process - Answers - Most inferior portion of the sternum
,Vertebral arch and body - Answers - Form the vertebral foramen to protect and house
the spinal cord
Pedicle - Answers - Forms the intervertebral foramen where a spinal nerve exits the
vertebral canal
Spinous process, transverse process, and body - Answers - Attachment site for muscles
and ligaments of the spine
Intervertebral discs - Answers - Cartilaginous joints consisting of the outer annulus
fibrosis and central nucleus pulposus; act as shock absorbers and allow for some
minimal movement
Annulus fibrosis - Answers - Outer ring of the intervertebral disc made of fibrocartilage
Nucleus pulposus - Answers - Gelatinous structure that functions to resist compressive
force
Ribs (function) - Answers - Protect the thoracic cavity, where many vital organs and
vessels are located
Ribs (location) - Answers - Deep to the skin and superficial to the thoracic cavity
containing the heart, lungs, and esophagus
Costal cartilage - Answers - Connects the ribs to the sternum
Superior thoracic inlet - Answers - Allows passage between the thorax and the neck
Inferior thoracic inlet - Answers - Allows passage between the thorax and abdomen
Internal thoracic arteries - Answers - Main blood supply of the anterior thoracic wall;
located lateral to the sternum
Anterior intercostal arteries - Answers - Arise from the internal thoracic arteries; pass
around the thoracic wall in the costal grooves of ribs to form an anastomosis (direct
connection) with posterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries - Answers - Branches off the thoracic aorta; travel
anteriorly to anastomose with the anterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal arteries - Answers - Run inferior to the costal margin
Intercostal nerves 1-6 - Answers - Distributed in their intercostal spaces, innervating the
intercostal muscles of the thoracic wall and overlying skin
, Intercostal nerves 7-12 - Answers - Innervates the abdominal muscles and overlying
skin
Phrenic nerve - Answers - Formed by spinal nerves C3-C5; provides motor innervation
to the diaphragm, and carry sensory innervation to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Suspensory ligaments (of Cooper) - Answers - Separate the lobes in the breast
Lactiferous ducts - Answers - Breast milk ducts
Arterial supply of the lateral breast - Answers - Lateral thoracic arteries-branches of the
axillary artery
Arterial supply of the medial breast - Answers - Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Heart (location) - Answers - Lies behind the sternum and central part of the thoracic
cage
Apex - Answers - Inferior tip of the heart
Pericardium - Answers - Sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
entering and leaving it
Interventricular septum (IV) - Answers - Divides the left and right ventricles
Aorta - Answers - Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Brachiocephalic artery - Answers - Branch of the aorta the bifurcates into the right
common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
Left subclavian artery - Answers - Branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the left arm;
gives rise to the left internal thoracic artery
Left common carotid artery - Answers - Branch of the aorta that supplies the left side of
the neck and face
Right subclavian artery - Answers - Gives rise to the right internal thoracic artery
Left and right aortic sinuses - Answers - Give rise to the left and right coronary arteries;
supplies the heart organ itself
Costomediastinal recess - Answers - Pleural recess found between the costal and
mediastinal parietal pleura; left is larger than the right because it overlies the heart
Costodiaphragmatic recess - Answers - Pleural recess between the costal and
diaphragmatic pleura, below the inferior part of the lungs.
