NUR-641E Final Exam Study Guide (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Practice Test with Verified Answers | 100% Correct | GCU.

NUR-641E Final Exam Study Guide (Latest
2026/2027 Update) Advanced
Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
Practice Test with Verified Answers | 100%
Correct | GCU.
Question:
Six steps in drug development process?
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Answer:

1. discovery or laboratory for development
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2. Phase 1 begins with animal testing
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3. phase 2 human subjects
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4. compare drug to placebo or other drug that is effective
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5.FDA then reviews result and determines approval
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6. Post market study to determine other side effects that were not seen
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while lab testing
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Question:

organizations for medication safety? i,- i,- i,-




Answer:
1.Institute of Safe mediation Practice
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,2. Institute of Medicine
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3. Joint commission
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4.National Coordinating Council form mediation error reporting and
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prevention

5. Food and Drug Administration (safe use initiative)
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Question:

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)?
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Answer:

1.Also known as a side effect, an undesirable reaction that accompanies
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the principal response for which the drug was taken include allergic
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reactions and adverse drug effects
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2. Either pharmacological or idiosyncratic
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3. 85-90% of ADRs are pharmacological
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4. Reporting is not mandated by FDA thus are not commonly reported
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5. usually preventable occur in hospital and nursing homes due to med
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errors

6. Polypharmacy, multiple doctors and multiple pharmacies increase risk
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Question:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors? i,- i,- i,-




Answer:

,1. end in pril: lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril and
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fosinopril

2. suppress release of angiotensin converting enzyme
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3. side effects include cough and angioedema, with angioedema the
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medication should be discontinued
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Question:

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)?
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Answer:
1. -sartan: candesartan, eprosartan, ibesartan, Isosartan, telmisartan,
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valsartan

2.block angiotensin 11 receptors
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Question:

Essential vs Secondary HTN?
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Answer:

Essential HTN accounts for 90% of cases and is also called primary,
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secondary may be caused by CKD
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Question:
Nitroglycerin (Nitrate)? i,-

, Answer:
use: angina pectoris
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action: dilate veins and arteries and thereby reducing ischemia and
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relieving pain by decreasing myocardial O2 consumption
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Side effects: throbbing HA, flushing, hypotension tachycardia
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available: IV, SL, topical ointment and transdermal patch
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contraindicated with PDE-5 (sildanfil and vardenafil) i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-




Question:

Amiodarone?
Answer:
1. antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting heart failure
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2. can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity
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Question:
Alpha 1 adrenergic stimulation results?
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Answer:

vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure i,- i,- i,- i,-




Question: