ADN Exam Questions With Answers and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
A patient is prescribed Omeprazole for the treatment of GERD. Which statement by the
patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I should take this medication 30 minutes before breakfast.
B. I will report any persistent diarrhea to my healthcare provider.
C. I can crush the capsule and mix it with applesauce.
D. I should increase my intake of vitamin D and calcium.
Correct Answer: C. I can crush the capsule and mix it with applesauce.
Explanation: PPIs like Omeprazole are usually enteric-coated and should not be crushed
or chewed because it destroys the coating that protects the medication from stomach
acid.
Question 2.
Which medication is classified as a mucosal protectant and should be taken on an empty
stomach to treat a duodenal ulcer?
A. Famotidine
B. Sucralfate
C. Calcium Carbonate
D. Pantoprazole
Correct Answer: B. Sucralfate
Explanation: Sucralfate creates a protective barrier over the ulcer crater and must be
taken on an empty stomach, usually 1 hour before meals and at bedtime.
Question 3.
A nurse is administering Lactulose to a patient with cirrhosis. What is the primary
therapeutic goal of this medication?
A. To reduce abdominal pain and cramping
B. To decrease serum ammonia levels
C. To increase serum potassium levels
D. To promote the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: B. To decrease serum ammonia levels
Explanation: Lactulose is used in liver failure to lower ammonia levels by drawing it into
the colon to be excreted through bowel movements.
, Question 4.
A patient taking Misoprostol for NSAID-induced ulcer prevention must be educated on
which contraindication?
A. Hypotension
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C. Pregnancy
D. History of migraines
Correct Answer: C. Pregnancy
Explanation: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analog that can cause uterine contractions
and is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy (Category X).
Question 5.
The nurse is preparing to administer Pancrelipase to a patient with chronic pancreatitis.
When should this medication be given?
A. Once daily in the morning
B. With every meal and snack
C. One hour after meals
D. Only when experiencing abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B. With every meal and snack
Explanation: Pancrelipase contains digestive enzymes that must be present in the GI
tract when food is consumed to aid in digestion.
Question 6.
Which side effect is most common in a patient taking Aluminum Hydroxide antacids?
A. Diarrhea
B. Flatulence
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: C. Constipation
Explanation: Aluminum-based antacids are known to cause constipation, whereas
magnesium-based antacids typically cause diarrhea.
Question 7.
A patient is prescribed Metoclopramide. The nurse should monitor for which serious
adverse effect related to the central nervous system?
A. Hyperreflexia
B. Insomnia
C. Tardive dyskinesia
D. Ototoxicity
Correct Answer: C. Tardive dyskinesia
Question 1.
A patient is prescribed Omeprazole for the treatment of GERD. Which statement by the
patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. I should take this medication 30 minutes before breakfast.
B. I will report any persistent diarrhea to my healthcare provider.
C. I can crush the capsule and mix it with applesauce.
D. I should increase my intake of vitamin D and calcium.
Correct Answer: C. I can crush the capsule and mix it with applesauce.
Explanation: PPIs like Omeprazole are usually enteric-coated and should not be crushed
or chewed because it destroys the coating that protects the medication from stomach
acid.
Question 2.
Which medication is classified as a mucosal protectant and should be taken on an empty
stomach to treat a duodenal ulcer?
A. Famotidine
B. Sucralfate
C. Calcium Carbonate
D. Pantoprazole
Correct Answer: B. Sucralfate
Explanation: Sucralfate creates a protective barrier over the ulcer crater and must be
taken on an empty stomach, usually 1 hour before meals and at bedtime.
Question 3.
A nurse is administering Lactulose to a patient with cirrhosis. What is the primary
therapeutic goal of this medication?
A. To reduce abdominal pain and cramping
B. To decrease serum ammonia levels
C. To increase serum potassium levels
D. To promote the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Correct Answer: B. To decrease serum ammonia levels
Explanation: Lactulose is used in liver failure to lower ammonia levels by drawing it into
the colon to be excreted through bowel movements.
, Question 4.
A patient taking Misoprostol for NSAID-induced ulcer prevention must be educated on
which contraindication?
A. Hypotension
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C. Pregnancy
D. History of migraines
Correct Answer: C. Pregnancy
Explanation: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analog that can cause uterine contractions
and is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy (Category X).
Question 5.
The nurse is preparing to administer Pancrelipase to a patient with chronic pancreatitis.
When should this medication be given?
A. Once daily in the morning
B. With every meal and snack
C. One hour after meals
D. Only when experiencing abdominal pain
Correct Answer: B. With every meal and snack
Explanation: Pancrelipase contains digestive enzymes that must be present in the GI
tract when food is consumed to aid in digestion.
Question 6.
Which side effect is most common in a patient taking Aluminum Hydroxide antacids?
A. Diarrhea
B. Flatulence
C. Constipation
D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: C. Constipation
Explanation: Aluminum-based antacids are known to cause constipation, whereas
magnesium-based antacids typically cause diarrhea.
Question 7.
A patient is prescribed Metoclopramide. The nurse should monitor for which serious
adverse effect related to the central nervous system?
A. Hyperreflexia
B. Insomnia
C. Tardive dyskinesia
D. Ototoxicity
Correct Answer: C. Tardive dyskinesia
