Pharmacology Drug
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Medication Flashcards,
Drug Classes & Exam
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Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
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,Non-opioids Mild/moderate pain, some anti-inflammatory.
Opioids Strong pain relief, high risk for dependence/resp depression.
Glucocorticoids Strong anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressants.
Anesthetics Block pain, local or general.
Muscle Relaxants Reduce spasms (CNS or direct).
Sumatriptan Migraine-specific, vasoconstricts brain vessels.
Acetaminophen Non-opioid analgesic & antipyretic (not anti-inflammatory), synthetic drug.
Epidemiology of Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Widely used for mild pain/fever; common in OTC products.
Pathophysiology of Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS → ↓ pain & fever.
Risk Factors for Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Liver disease, chronic alcohol use.
Diagnostic Labs/Tests for Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Monitor LFTs, toxic level > 4 g/day.
Clinical Presentation/Symptoms of Acetaminophen (non- Pain relief, fever reduction; overdose → hepatotoxicity (jaundice, ↑ LFTs).
opioid)
Treatment for Acetaminophen Overdose (non-opioid) Supportive, N-acetylcysteine for overdose.
Drug class of Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic
Aspirin (Salicylate) (non-opioid) NSAID, salicylate, antiplatelet.
, Epidemiology of Aspirin (non-opioid) commonly used for pain, fever, CV prevention
Etiology of Aspirin (non-opioid) derived from salicylic acid
Pathophysiology of Aspirin (non-opioid) Irreversible COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor → ↓ prostaglandins & thromboxane.
Risk Factors for Aspirin (non-opioid) GI ulcers, bleeding risk, children (Reye's syndrome).
Diagnostic Labs/Tests for Aspirin (non-opioid) Monitor platelets, CBC, bleeding time
Clinical Presentation/Symptoms of Aspirin (non-opioid) Pain/fever relief, anti-inflammatory; AE = GI bleed, tinnitus (toxicity).
Treatment of Aspirin (non-opioid) Avoid in children/teens with viral illness
Drug Class of Aspirin (non-opioid) NSAID, anti platelet
Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Non-selective NSAID.
Epidemiology of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Common OTC analgesic
Pathophysiology of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Reversibly inhibits COX-1 & COX-2 → ↓ prostaglandins.
Risk factors of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) GI ulcers, renal impairment, CV disease
Labs/tests of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Renal function (BUN, creatine), CBC
Signs and Symptoms of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Pain relief; AE= increase risk of MI, stroke
Drug class of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) COX-2 selective NSAID
Cards for Nursing |
Medication Flashcards,
Drug Classes & Exam
Review | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Non-opioids Mild/moderate pain, some anti-inflammatory.
Opioids Strong pain relief, high risk for dependence/resp depression.
Glucocorticoids Strong anti-inflammatory & immunosuppressants.
Anesthetics Block pain, local or general.
Muscle Relaxants Reduce spasms (CNS or direct).
Sumatriptan Migraine-specific, vasoconstricts brain vessels.
Acetaminophen Non-opioid analgesic & antipyretic (not anti-inflammatory), synthetic drug.
Epidemiology of Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Widely used for mild pain/fever; common in OTC products.
Pathophysiology of Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS → ↓ pain & fever.
Risk Factors for Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Liver disease, chronic alcohol use.
Diagnostic Labs/Tests for Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Monitor LFTs, toxic level > 4 g/day.
Clinical Presentation/Symptoms of Acetaminophen (non- Pain relief, fever reduction; overdose → hepatotoxicity (jaundice, ↑ LFTs).
opioid)
Treatment for Acetaminophen Overdose (non-opioid) Supportive, N-acetylcysteine for overdose.
Drug class of Acetaminophen (non-opioid) Non-opioid analgesic, antipyretic
Aspirin (Salicylate) (non-opioid) NSAID, salicylate, antiplatelet.
, Epidemiology of Aspirin (non-opioid) commonly used for pain, fever, CV prevention
Etiology of Aspirin (non-opioid) derived from salicylic acid
Pathophysiology of Aspirin (non-opioid) Irreversible COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor → ↓ prostaglandins & thromboxane.
Risk Factors for Aspirin (non-opioid) GI ulcers, bleeding risk, children (Reye's syndrome).
Diagnostic Labs/Tests for Aspirin (non-opioid) Monitor platelets, CBC, bleeding time
Clinical Presentation/Symptoms of Aspirin (non-opioid) Pain/fever relief, anti-inflammatory; AE = GI bleed, tinnitus (toxicity).
Treatment of Aspirin (non-opioid) Avoid in children/teens with viral illness
Drug Class of Aspirin (non-opioid) NSAID, anti platelet
Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Non-selective NSAID.
Epidemiology of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Common OTC analgesic
Pathophysiology of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Reversibly inhibits COX-1 & COX-2 → ↓ prostaglandins.
Risk factors of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) GI ulcers, renal impairment, CV disease
Labs/tests of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Renal function (BUN, creatine), CBC
Signs and Symptoms of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) Pain relief; AE= increase risk of MI, stroke
Drug class of Ibuprofen (non-opioid) COX-2 selective NSAID
