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BIOD 121 Nutrition (Modules 1–6 + Final) – Complete Practice Test (2026) Questions and
Answers with detailed Rationales | Updates | 100% Correct
• Instructions: Module 1: Foundations of Nutrition & Macronutrients
(Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids)
• Module 2: Energy Balance, Metabolism, & Weight Management
• Module 3: Vitamins & Minerals (Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble)
• Module 4: Digestion, Absorption, & the GI Tract
• Module 5: Water, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base Balance
• Module 6: Nutrition Across the Lifespan (Pregnancy, Infancy, Childhood,
Older Adults)
• Final Exam: Comprehensive review covering all modules with integrated
clinical scenarios
Each question includes a detailed rationale to reinforce the why behind the
correct nutritional, physiological, and clinical answer.
, Page |2
Module 1: Foundations of Nutrition & Macronutrients (Carbohydrates, Proteins,
Lipids)
1. A patient is following a diet that consists of 2,000 calories per day. If the
patient consumes 250 grams of carbohydrates, what percentage of their total
daily calories comes from carbohydrates?
A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 60%
Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram. 250 grams × 4 kcal/g = 1,000
kcal. (1,000 kcal / 2,000 total kcal) × 100 = 50%.
2. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to:
A) Provide quick energy and maintain blood glucose levels.
B) Build and repair tissues.
C) Store fat-soluble vitamins.
D) Serve as the building blocks for hormones.
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Answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy. They are
broken down into glucose, which is used by cells for ATP production. Adequate
carbohydrate intake also prevents the breakdown of protein for energy.
3. Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
A) Glucose.
B) Sucrose (table sugar).
C) Starch (found in potatoes, rice, and whole grains).
D) Fructose.
Answer: C
Rationale: Starch is a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide) composed of long
chains of glucose molecules. It is digested more slowly than simple sugars,
providing a more sustained release of energy.
4. A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease. The nurse should instruct the
patient to avoid foods containing:
A) Gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye).
B) Lactose (found in dairy).
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C) Sucrose.
D) Fructose.
Answer: A
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by the ingestion
of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
5. The primary function of proteins in the body is to:
A) Provide quick energy.
B) Build and repair tissues (growth, maintenance, and repair of muscle, skin, and
organs).
C) Store energy in adipose tissue.
D) Maintain blood glucose levels.
Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Their primary function is
to build and repair tissues, including muscle, skin, enzymes, and hormones.
6. A patient is following a 2,500-calorie diet. The recommended daily protein
intake is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. If the patient weighs 70 kg, how
many grams of protein should they consume daily?
A) 56 grams.
BIOD 121 Nutrition (Modules 1–6 + Final) – Complete Practice Test (2026) Questions and
Answers with detailed Rationales | Updates | 100% Correct
• Instructions: Module 1: Foundations of Nutrition & Macronutrients
(Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids)
• Module 2: Energy Balance, Metabolism, & Weight Management
• Module 3: Vitamins & Minerals (Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble)
• Module 4: Digestion, Absorption, & the GI Tract
• Module 5: Water, Electrolytes, & Acid-Base Balance
• Module 6: Nutrition Across the Lifespan (Pregnancy, Infancy, Childhood,
Older Adults)
• Final Exam: Comprehensive review covering all modules with integrated
clinical scenarios
Each question includes a detailed rationale to reinforce the why behind the
correct nutritional, physiological, and clinical answer.
, Page |2
Module 1: Foundations of Nutrition & Macronutrients (Carbohydrates, Proteins,
Lipids)
1. A patient is following a diet that consists of 2,000 calories per day. If the
patient consumes 250 grams of carbohydrates, what percentage of their total
daily calories comes from carbohydrates?
A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 60%
Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram. 250 grams × 4 kcal/g = 1,000
kcal. (1,000 kcal / 2,000 total kcal) × 100 = 50%.
2. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to:
A) Provide quick energy and maintain blood glucose levels.
B) Build and repair tissues.
C) Store fat-soluble vitamins.
D) Serve as the building blocks for hormones.
, Page |3
Answer: A
Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy. They are
broken down into glucose, which is used by cells for ATP production. Adequate
carbohydrate intake also prevents the breakdown of protein for energy.
3. Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
A) Glucose.
B) Sucrose (table sugar).
C) Starch (found in potatoes, rice, and whole grains).
D) Fructose.
Answer: C
Rationale: Starch is a complex carbohydrate (polysaccharide) composed of long
chains of glucose molecules. It is digested more slowly than simple sugars,
providing a more sustained release of energy.
4. A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease. The nurse should instruct the
patient to avoid foods containing:
A) Gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye).
B) Lactose (found in dairy).
, Page |4
C) Sucrose.
D) Fructose.
Answer: A
Rationale: Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by the ingestion
of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye.
5. The primary function of proteins in the body is to:
A) Provide quick energy.
B) Build and repair tissues (growth, maintenance, and repair of muscle, skin, and
organs).
C) Store energy in adipose tissue.
D) Maintain blood glucose levels.
Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Their primary function is
to build and repair tissues, including muscle, skin, enzymes, and hormones.
6. A patient is following a 2,500-calorie diet. The recommended daily protein
intake is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. If the patient weighs 70 kg, how
many grams of protein should they consume daily?
A) 56 grams.
