SCI251 EXAM 3 (Latest )
Microbiology Questions & Answers 100%
Correct - Nightingale
What is an epidemic? - correct answer Many people in a given geographic area acquire
a disease in a short period of time.
What is a pandemic? - correct answer A worldwide epidemic
What is analytical epidemiology? - correct answer Analysis of a particular disease to
determine the probable cause.
What is a case-control method? - correct answer A method that compares a group of
ill people to an unaffected group; use statistics to determine which factors may have
contributed to illness.
Sick vs not sick
What is a cohort method? - correct answer A method that compares a group of people
who had contact with the agent of disease and one group that has not.
Exposed vs not exposed
,What is experimental epidemiology? - correct answer Begins with a hypothesis about a
particular disease.
Test hypothesis with a group of people.
Ex. Effectiveness of a drug
What is case reporting? - correct answer Healthcare workers report specified
diseases to identify the chain of transmission.
What are the physical components of innate immunity? - correct answer Skin
Mucous membranes
Lacrimal apparatus
Other mechanisms
What are the innate immunity characteristics of skin? - correct answer Closely packed
cells
Shedding of top layers
,Dryness
What are some examples of mucous membranes in the body? - correct answer GI tract
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract
What are the first lines of defense of innate immunity? - correct answer Chemical
components
Normal microbiota
What are some examples of chemical components? - correct answer Sebum,
perspiration, earwax, saliva, gastric juices, vaginal secretions, urine.
How do normal microbiota assist in the first line of defense? - correct answer
Competitive exclusion: Microbes compete for space and nutrients
Alter conditions: pH, production of antimicrobial compounds, oxygen availability
, What is the second line of defense in innate immunity? - correct answer Formed
elements in the blood.
What are the formed elements in the blood? - correct answer Red blood cells,
platelets, white blood cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, plasma cells
Cytokines are what for immune cells? - correct answer Chemical messengers
Interleukines are responsible for what? - correct answer Communication
Chemokines are responsible for what? - correct answer To induce chemotaxis
What are interferons responsible for? - correct answer To inhibit viral replication
What is the tumor necrosis factor? - correct answer Released in response to
endotoxins; induce inflammatory response.
What are hematopoietic cytokines responsible for? - correct answer To control the
development of RBC's and WBC's
What is phagocytosis? - correct answer "Cell eating"
Microbiology Questions & Answers 100%
Correct - Nightingale
What is an epidemic? - correct answer Many people in a given geographic area acquire
a disease in a short period of time.
What is a pandemic? - correct answer A worldwide epidemic
What is analytical epidemiology? - correct answer Analysis of a particular disease to
determine the probable cause.
What is a case-control method? - correct answer A method that compares a group of
ill people to an unaffected group; use statistics to determine which factors may have
contributed to illness.
Sick vs not sick
What is a cohort method? - correct answer A method that compares a group of people
who had contact with the agent of disease and one group that has not.
Exposed vs not exposed
,What is experimental epidemiology? - correct answer Begins with a hypothesis about a
particular disease.
Test hypothesis with a group of people.
Ex. Effectiveness of a drug
What is case reporting? - correct answer Healthcare workers report specified
diseases to identify the chain of transmission.
What are the physical components of innate immunity? - correct answer Skin
Mucous membranes
Lacrimal apparatus
Other mechanisms
What are the innate immunity characteristics of skin? - correct answer Closely packed
cells
Shedding of top layers
,Dryness
What are some examples of mucous membranes in the body? - correct answer GI tract
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract
What are the first lines of defense of innate immunity? - correct answer Chemical
components
Normal microbiota
What are some examples of chemical components? - correct answer Sebum,
perspiration, earwax, saliva, gastric juices, vaginal secretions, urine.
How do normal microbiota assist in the first line of defense? - correct answer
Competitive exclusion: Microbes compete for space and nutrients
Alter conditions: pH, production of antimicrobial compounds, oxygen availability
, What is the second line of defense in innate immunity? - correct answer Formed
elements in the blood.
What are the formed elements in the blood? - correct answer Red blood cells,
platelets, white blood cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, plasma cells
Cytokines are what for immune cells? - correct answer Chemical messengers
Interleukines are responsible for what? - correct answer Communication
Chemokines are responsible for what? - correct answer To induce chemotaxis
What are interferons responsible for? - correct answer To inhibit viral replication
What is the tumor necrosis factor? - correct answer Released in response to
endotoxins; induce inflammatory response.
What are hematopoietic cytokines responsible for? - correct answer To control the
development of RBC's and WBC's
What is phagocytosis? - correct answer "Cell eating"
