EPALS UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Question:
oxygen mask preferred method for ill children breathing spontaneously.
Answer:
Non rebreather oxygen mask with reservoir. The flow of oxygen must be sufficiently high to ensure
the reservoir bag fills adequately. It is possible to give an oxygen concentration up to 90% with an
oxygen delivery flow of 12-15L min, depending on the child's minute volume.
Question:
Flows of oxygen starting rate.
Answer:
Flows of 2L/kg are commonly used up to 12kg, then 0.5L/kg for each kg thereafter to a maximum of
70L/kg
Question:
HFNC brands.
Answer:
OPTIFLOW, VAPOTHERM, AIRVO 2
Question:
Equipment for intubation.
Answer:
- Medications Self-inflating bag system and oxygen supply Oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airway
Laryngoscope handles and blades Tracheal tubes of the appropriate sizes Bougie End-tidal CO2
monitoring Stylet and Magill forceps Suction apparatus with the appropriate size of the suckers
,Tapes or ties to secure the tube Nasogastric tubes
Question:
Verification of TT placement.
Answer:
Sustained exhaled carbon dioxide, CO2 will be detected if the tracheal tube is correctly placed after
four to six ventilations.
Question:
Causes of Sudden deterioration of the intubated patient.
Answer:
DOPES D- displacement of the tracheal tube (oesophagus, right main bronchus) O- obstruction of
artificial airway (accumulated secretions eg. bronchiolitis),kinking of the tracheal tube P-
pneumothorax (from excessive BMV pressure, rib fractures) E- equipment failure (Eg. disconnected
oxygen supply) S- stomach distension (following expired air or bag-mask) TT too small with
significant air leak Tidal volume given is too small (aim for tidal volumes of 5-7ml Kg) Pressure
limiting valve active with non-compliant lungs (eg. in near drowning)
Question:
what should we always do prior to intubation.
Answer:
Pre-oxygenation is important to prevent hypoxia, with at least 3 minutes of oxgen delivered by
BMV or an anaesthetic circuit to increase the amount of oxygen reserve. Emergency drugs,
including atropine, should be immediately available.
Question:
Types of drugs for emergency anaesthesia Analgesia:.
Answer:
Alfentanil, Fentanyl
,Question:
Anaesthetic agent for emergency intubation.
Answer:
Ketamine Propofol Sevoflurane Thiopentone
Question:
Types of drugs for emergency anaesthesia, Neuromuscular blocking drug:.
Answer:
Rocuronium Suxamethonium
Question:
Heart rate range for 1 month old.
Answer:
110-180
Question:
HR range for 1 year old.
Answer:
100-170
Question:
HR range for 2 year old.
Answer:
90-160
, Question:
HR range for 5 year old.
Answer:
70-140
Question:
HR range for 10 year old.
Answer:
60-120
Question:
HR range for 18 year old.
Answer:
60-100
Question:
RR for 1 month old.
Answer:
25-60
Question:
RR for 1 year old.
Answer:
20-50
Question:
Question:
oxygen mask preferred method for ill children breathing spontaneously.
Answer:
Non rebreather oxygen mask with reservoir. The flow of oxygen must be sufficiently high to ensure
the reservoir bag fills adequately. It is possible to give an oxygen concentration up to 90% with an
oxygen delivery flow of 12-15L min, depending on the child's minute volume.
Question:
Flows of oxygen starting rate.
Answer:
Flows of 2L/kg are commonly used up to 12kg, then 0.5L/kg for each kg thereafter to a maximum of
70L/kg
Question:
HFNC brands.
Answer:
OPTIFLOW, VAPOTHERM, AIRVO 2
Question:
Equipment for intubation.
Answer:
- Medications Self-inflating bag system and oxygen supply Oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal airway
Laryngoscope handles and blades Tracheal tubes of the appropriate sizes Bougie End-tidal CO2
monitoring Stylet and Magill forceps Suction apparatus with the appropriate size of the suckers
,Tapes or ties to secure the tube Nasogastric tubes
Question:
Verification of TT placement.
Answer:
Sustained exhaled carbon dioxide, CO2 will be detected if the tracheal tube is correctly placed after
four to six ventilations.
Question:
Causes of Sudden deterioration of the intubated patient.
Answer:
DOPES D- displacement of the tracheal tube (oesophagus, right main bronchus) O- obstruction of
artificial airway (accumulated secretions eg. bronchiolitis),kinking of the tracheal tube P-
pneumothorax (from excessive BMV pressure, rib fractures) E- equipment failure (Eg. disconnected
oxygen supply) S- stomach distension (following expired air or bag-mask) TT too small with
significant air leak Tidal volume given is too small (aim for tidal volumes of 5-7ml Kg) Pressure
limiting valve active with non-compliant lungs (eg. in near drowning)
Question:
what should we always do prior to intubation.
Answer:
Pre-oxygenation is important to prevent hypoxia, with at least 3 minutes of oxgen delivered by
BMV or an anaesthetic circuit to increase the amount of oxygen reserve. Emergency drugs,
including atropine, should be immediately available.
Question:
Types of drugs for emergency anaesthesia Analgesia:.
Answer:
Alfentanil, Fentanyl
,Question:
Anaesthetic agent for emergency intubation.
Answer:
Ketamine Propofol Sevoflurane Thiopentone
Question:
Types of drugs for emergency anaesthesia, Neuromuscular blocking drug:.
Answer:
Rocuronium Suxamethonium
Question:
Heart rate range for 1 month old.
Answer:
110-180
Question:
HR range for 1 year old.
Answer:
100-170
Question:
HR range for 2 year old.
Answer:
90-160
, Question:
HR range for 5 year old.
Answer:
70-140
Question:
HR range for 10 year old.
Answer:
60-120
Question:
HR range for 18 year old.
Answer:
60-100
Question:
RR for 1 month old.
Answer:
25-60
Question:
RR for 1 year old.
Answer:
20-50
Question:
