DISCOVER SOCIOLOGY FIFTH EDITION
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935).
Answer: As founder of Hull House, her books and articles were
widely used by the "Chicago School" to establish Urban Sociology.
She received the Nobel Prize in 1931.
◉ AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857).
Answer: The founder of Sociology in the West that coined the term
"Sociology." He felt the scientific method should be applied to the
study of society (POSITIVISM) and that society was made up of
forces of stability (SOCIAL STATICS) and forces of change (SOCIAL
DYNAMICS).
◉ CHARLES HORTON COOLEY (1864-1929).
Answer: As co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he argued that the
Self is formed through a lifelong process of interpretation of other's
reactions to our self-concept (LOOKING-GLASS SELF).
◉ EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917).
,Answer: In his research on suicide, he argued that society is held
together by SOCIAL INTEGRATION. Those with weak social ties
experience ANOMIE, or normlessness.
◉ HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876).
Answer: The Founder of Modern Sociology, she published "Theory
and Practice of Society in America," in 1837. She is most often
remembered for her translations of Comte from French into English.
◉ KARL MARX (1818-1883).
Answer: His works are the basis for CONFLICT THEORY. He argued
that CLASS CONFLICT between the Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the
Proletariat (Workers) is the source of all social change, and that the
ideology of society (its belief system and thought) is the product of
the age and place of its occurrence.
◉ GEORGE HERBERT MEAD (1863-1931).
Answer: As a co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he saw ROLE-
TAKING as crucial to the development of Self in children. In a similar
approach to FREUD, he defined the "I" and "ME" as unsocialized and
socialized parts of the Self.
◉ MAX WEBER (1864-1920).
Answer: In "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," he
argued that religion gave rise to Capitalism, not class conflict, as
, argued by Marx. He believed that the process of gathering data must
be value-free and as scientific as possible. Replication of research is
important.
◉ W.E.B. DU BOIS (1868-1963).
Answer: As the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard,
he founded the Department of Sociology at Atlanta University, and
was a founding member of the NAACP. From 1896 to 1914, he
published a yearly book on race relations
◉ IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406).
Answer: Wrote "The Science of Civilization" that predated Comte
and Sociology by 500 Years. His ideas predated Durkheim on Social
Cohesion by 550 years and Mills' insight into Sociology as the
intersection of the individual, society, and history by 600 years.
◉ Macrosociology.
Answer: Large-scale Sociology
Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Focus on the SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Patterned relationships that persist over time
◉ Micro-Sociology.
ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935).
Answer: As founder of Hull House, her books and articles were
widely used by the "Chicago School" to establish Urban Sociology.
She received the Nobel Prize in 1931.
◉ AUGUSTE COMTE (1798-1857).
Answer: The founder of Sociology in the West that coined the term
"Sociology." He felt the scientific method should be applied to the
study of society (POSITIVISM) and that society was made up of
forces of stability (SOCIAL STATICS) and forces of change (SOCIAL
DYNAMICS).
◉ CHARLES HORTON COOLEY (1864-1929).
Answer: As co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he argued that the
Self is formed through a lifelong process of interpretation of other's
reactions to our self-concept (LOOKING-GLASS SELF).
◉ EMILE DURKHEIM (1858-1917).
,Answer: In his research on suicide, he argued that society is held
together by SOCIAL INTEGRATION. Those with weak social ties
experience ANOMIE, or normlessness.
◉ HARRIET MARTINEAU (1802-1876).
Answer: The Founder of Modern Sociology, she published "Theory
and Practice of Society in America," in 1837. She is most often
remembered for her translations of Comte from French into English.
◉ KARL MARX (1818-1883).
Answer: His works are the basis for CONFLICT THEORY. He argued
that CLASS CONFLICT between the Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the
Proletariat (Workers) is the source of all social change, and that the
ideology of society (its belief system and thought) is the product of
the age and place of its occurrence.
◉ GEORGE HERBERT MEAD (1863-1931).
Answer: As a co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he saw ROLE-
TAKING as crucial to the development of Self in children. In a similar
approach to FREUD, he defined the "I" and "ME" as unsocialized and
socialized parts of the Self.
◉ MAX WEBER (1864-1920).
Answer: In "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," he
argued that religion gave rise to Capitalism, not class conflict, as
, argued by Marx. He believed that the process of gathering data must
be value-free and as scientific as possible. Replication of research is
important.
◉ W.E.B. DU BOIS (1868-1963).
Answer: As the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard,
he founded the Department of Sociology at Atlanta University, and
was a founding member of the NAACP. From 1896 to 1914, he
published a yearly book on race relations
◉ IBN KHALDUN (1332-1406).
Answer: Wrote "The Science of Civilization" that predated Comte
and Sociology by 500 Years. His ideas predated Durkheim on Social
Cohesion by 550 years and Mills' insight into Sociology as the
intersection of the individual, society, and history by 600 years.
◉ Macrosociology.
Answer: Large-scale Sociology
Functionalism
Conflict Theory
Focus on the SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Patterned relationships that persist over time
◉ Micro-Sociology.
