BIOC/HKR-2600-001 (INTRO TO HUMAN NUTRITION)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE
Food Pattern - Answers - what an individual eats and drinks on a regular bases
Basic Chemical Tastes - Answers - 1) Sweet
2) Sour
3) Bitter
4) Salty
5) Umami
Digestive Tract - Answers - •Flexible, muscular tube
• Extends from the mouth through the throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, and rectum to the anus
• Total length about 8 metres
• Body surrounds digestive canal
Primary Role of Digestive Tract - Answers - to digest food to its components, absorb,
and excrete
Mechanical Digestion - Answers - Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into
smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion - Answers - Process by which enzymes break down food into small
molecules that the body can use
Mouth - Answers - where digestion begins
Saliva - Answers - _____ breaks down starches and fats
Stomach - Answers - where protein digestion begins
Small Intestine - Answers - the organ of digestion and absorption
Bile - Answers - emulsifier, made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder
Pancreatic Juice - Answers - contains an acid-neutralizing agent
Large Intestine - Answers - • Absorbs water
• Absorbs a few nutrients/metabolites from bacterial activity
Hiccups, Choking - Answers - eating or dinking too fast can cause
, Heartburn, GERD - Answers - eating or drinking too much can cause
Glycerol - Answers - a small, water-soluble carbohydrate derivative
Carbon - Answers - the more _____ atoms in a fatty acids, the longer it is
Hydrogen - Answers - the more _____ atoms attached to carbons, the more saturated
the fatty acid is
Linolenic Acid - Answers - an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 family
Linoleic Acid - Answers - qan essential polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-6 family
Degree of Saturation - Answers - a measure of a fatty acid's hydrogen content. Affects
the temperature at which the fat melts
Unsaturated Fatty Acid - Answers - a fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains one
or more double bonds
Hydrogenated Fatty Acid - Answers - unsaturated fats converted to saturated fats using
hydrogen
Trans Fatty Acid - Answers - A fatty acid containing at least one trans double bond
Interesterification (IE) - Answers - • Change the melting properties of a fat without
generation of trans fatty acids
• Can reduce the saturated fat content by ~10%
• Higher proportion of SFA in sn-2 position
Fat or Lipid - Answers - class of naturally occurring organic compounds which are
generally hydrophobic in nature. Include: fatty acids, triacylglycerides, sterols, and
phospholipids
Fatty Acids - Answers - carboxylic acid with aliphatic carbon chain. Common lengths:
C4-C28
Triglycerides - Answers - Most abundant dietary lipid. Consist of 3 fatty acids and 1
glycerol molecule
Phospholipids - Answers - Amphipathic and major lipid found in biological membranes.
Consists of 2 fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate group and organic molecule
Sterols - Answers - Amphipathic lipids with hydroxyl group - alcohols. Conserved 4 ring
structure
Essential Fatty Acids - Answers - • Omega-6 - Linoleic Acid
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE
Food Pattern - Answers - what an individual eats and drinks on a regular bases
Basic Chemical Tastes - Answers - 1) Sweet
2) Sour
3) Bitter
4) Salty
5) Umami
Digestive Tract - Answers - •Flexible, muscular tube
• Extends from the mouth through the throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, and rectum to the anus
• Total length about 8 metres
• Body surrounds digestive canal
Primary Role of Digestive Tract - Answers - to digest food to its components, absorb,
and excrete
Mechanical Digestion - Answers - Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into
smaller pieces
Chemical Digestion - Answers - Process by which enzymes break down food into small
molecules that the body can use
Mouth - Answers - where digestion begins
Saliva - Answers - _____ breaks down starches and fats
Stomach - Answers - where protein digestion begins
Small Intestine - Answers - the organ of digestion and absorption
Bile - Answers - emulsifier, made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder
Pancreatic Juice - Answers - contains an acid-neutralizing agent
Large Intestine - Answers - • Absorbs water
• Absorbs a few nutrients/metabolites from bacterial activity
Hiccups, Choking - Answers - eating or dinking too fast can cause
, Heartburn, GERD - Answers - eating or drinking too much can cause
Glycerol - Answers - a small, water-soluble carbohydrate derivative
Carbon - Answers - the more _____ atoms in a fatty acids, the longer it is
Hydrogen - Answers - the more _____ atoms attached to carbons, the more saturated
the fatty acid is
Linolenic Acid - Answers - an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 family
Linoleic Acid - Answers - qan essential polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-6 family
Degree of Saturation - Answers - a measure of a fatty acid's hydrogen content. Affects
the temperature at which the fat melts
Unsaturated Fatty Acid - Answers - a fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains one
or more double bonds
Hydrogenated Fatty Acid - Answers - unsaturated fats converted to saturated fats using
hydrogen
Trans Fatty Acid - Answers - A fatty acid containing at least one trans double bond
Interesterification (IE) - Answers - • Change the melting properties of a fat without
generation of trans fatty acids
• Can reduce the saturated fat content by ~10%
• Higher proportion of SFA in sn-2 position
Fat or Lipid - Answers - class of naturally occurring organic compounds which are
generally hydrophobic in nature. Include: fatty acids, triacylglycerides, sterols, and
phospholipids
Fatty Acids - Answers - carboxylic acid with aliphatic carbon chain. Common lengths:
C4-C28
Triglycerides - Answers - Most abundant dietary lipid. Consist of 3 fatty acids and 1
glycerol molecule
Phospholipids - Answers - Amphipathic and major lipid found in biological membranes.
Consists of 2 fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate group and organic molecule
Sterols - Answers - Amphipathic lipids with hydroxyl group - alcohols. Conserved 4 ring
structure
Essential Fatty Acids - Answers - • Omega-6 - Linoleic Acid
