BIO 201 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Rostral - ans-toward the nose
d d d d
Caudal - ans-toward the taild d d d
Major portions of the brain - ans-Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
d d d d d d d d d
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - ans-83
d d d d d d d
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - ans-50
d d d d d d d
The brain weighs ___ pounds - ans-3.5
d d d d d d
Longitudinal Fissure - ans-separates 2 cerebral hemispheres (left/right)
d d d d d d d
Central Sulcus - ans-Separates frontal & parietal lobe
d d d d d d d
Gyri - ans-folds
d d
Sulci - ans-grooves
d d
cortex - ans-surface layer of gray matter
d d d d d d
nuclei - ans-deeper masses of gray matter
d d d d d d
tracts - ans-bundles of axons
d d d d
gray matter - ans-neuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
d d d d d d d d
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
d d d d d
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
d d d d d
white matter - ans-bundles of axons
d d d d d
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
d d d d d d d
Meninges - ans-Dura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
d d d d d d d
Dura mater - ans-outermost, tough membrane
d d d d d
-outer periosteal layer against bone
d d d d
-inner meningeal layer
d d
-subdural space (below dura mater) d d d d
,-
where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood fro
d d d d d d d d d d d
m brain
d
supportive structures formed by dura mater - ans-
d d d d d d d
falx cerebri, falx cerebelli & tentorium cerebelli
d d d d d d
Arachnoid mater - ans-spider web filamentous layer
d d d d d d
Pia mater - ans-a thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
d d d d d d d d d d d
Meningitis - ans-Inflammation of the meninges
d d d d d
-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
d d d d d d d
Lumbar puncture - ans-(spinal tap) check spinal fluid
d d d d d d d
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
d d d d d d d d
Lateral ventricles - ans-found inside the cerebral hemispheres
d d d d d d d
Third ventricle - ans-single vertical space under corpus callosum
d d d d d d d d
Cerebral aqueduct - ans-runs through the midbrain (connects 3rd & 4th ventricle)
d d d d d d d d d d d
Central canal - ans-runs down through spinal cord
d d d d d d d
Ventricles - ans-Internal chambers within the CNS
d d d d d d
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cerebrospinal fluid - ans- d d d
clear liquid that fills ventricles & canals & bathes in its external surface (in subarachnoid sp
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ace)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - ans-500
d d d d d d d d d
Functions of CSF - ans-Buoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally buoyant
d d d d d d d d d d
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
d d d d d d
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes d d d d
CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus - ans-
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
d d d
Circumventricular organs... - d d
dans-...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks in the barrier where blood has direct access
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
d d d d d d d
, -allows route for HIV to invade the brain
d d d d d d d
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - ans-Tightly joined endothelium
d d d d d d d
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
d d d d d d d d d
Hindbrain - ans-Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
d d d d d
Medulla Oblongata - ans- d d d
contains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory & reflex centers which adjust heart rate but also c
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ontrol coughing & sneezing, etc.
d d d d
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
d d d d d
-ascending & descending nerve tracts d d d d
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
d d d d d d
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - ans-adjusts heart rate & force
d d d d d d d d
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - ans-adjusts blood vessel diameter
d d d d d d d
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - ans-controls rate & depth of breathing
d d d d d d d d d
Reflex Center (Medulla) - ans-
d d d d
coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting, salivation, sweating, movements of to
d d d d d d d d d
ngue & head d d
Pons - ans-Bulge in the brainstem
d d d d d
-Rostral to the medulla d d d
-Ascending sensory tracts, descending motor tracks d d d d d
-pathways in & out of cerebellum d d d d d
-
nuclei concerned with sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye movements, facial expression, fa
d d d d d d d d d d d
cial sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control & posture (CN V, VI, VII, VIII)
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cerebellum - ans- d d
Evaluates sensory input (spatial perception), timekeeping center (predicts movements of
d d d d d d d d d d
objects), distinguish pitch & similar sounding words, planning & scheduling tasks.
d d d d d d d d d d
-helps learn motor skills (memory)
d d d d
-Sits atop the 4th ventricle
d d d d
Cerebellar penduncles - ans-Connects cerebellum to the brainstem
d d d d d d d
Arbor vitae - ans-"tree of life" white matter visible in sagittal section of cerebellum
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Vermis - ans-connect left & right hemispheres of cerebellum
d d d d d d d d
Folia - ans-Parallel surface folds on cerebellum made up of gray matter
d d d d d d d d d d d
-all of output comes from deep gray nuclei
d d d d d d d
ANSWERS
Rostral - ans-toward the nose
d d d d
Caudal - ans-toward the taild d d d
Major portions of the brain - ans-Brain stem, Cerebrum, cerebellum
d d d d d d d d d
Cerebrum is ___% of brain volume - ans-83
d d d d d d d
Cerebellum contains ___% of the neurons - ans-50
d d d d d d d
The brain weighs ___ pounds - ans-3.5
d d d d d d
Longitudinal Fissure - ans-separates 2 cerebral hemispheres (left/right)
d d d d d d d
Central Sulcus - ans-Separates frontal & parietal lobe
d d d d d d d
Gyri - ans-folds
d d
Sulci - ans-grooves
d d
cortex - ans-surface layer of gray matter
d d d d d d
nuclei - ans-deeper masses of gray matter
d d d d d d
tracts - ans-bundles of axons
d d d d
gray matter - ans-neuron cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
d d d d d d d d
-forms cortex over cerebrum & cerebellum
d d d d d
-forms nuclei deep with in brain
d d d d d
white matter - ans-bundles of axons
d d d d d
-forms tracts that connect parts of the brain
d d d d d d d
Meninges - ans-Dura Mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
d d d d d d d
Dura mater - ans-outermost, tough membrane
d d d d d
-outer periosteal layer against bone
d d d d
-inner meningeal layer
d d
-subdural space (below dura mater) d d d d
,-
where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinusesdraining blood fro
d d d d d d d d d d d
m brain
d
supportive structures formed by dura mater - ans-
d d d d d d d
falx cerebri, falx cerebelli & tentorium cerebelli
d d d d d d
Arachnoid mater - ans-spider web filamentous layer
d d d d d d
Pia mater - ans-a thin vascular layer adherent to contours of brain
d d d d d d d d d d d
Meningitis - ans-Inflammation of the meninges
d d d d d
-bacterial & virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose & throat
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-signs: high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness & intense headache which could lead to coma
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-diagnose by examining the CSF fluid for bacteria
d d d d d d d
Lumbar puncture - ans-(spinal tap) check spinal fluid
d d d d d d d
-draws fluid from subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae
d d d d d d d d
Lateral ventricles - ans-found inside the cerebral hemispheres
d d d d d d d
Third ventricle - ans-single vertical space under corpus callosum
d d d d d d d d
Cerebral aqueduct - ans-runs through the midbrain (connects 3rd & 4th ventricle)
d d d d d d d d d d d
Central canal - ans-runs down through spinal cord
d d d d d d d
Ventricles - ans-Internal chambers within the CNS
d d d d d d
-lined with ependymal cells & containing choroid plexus of capillaries that produce CSF
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cerebrospinal fluid - ans- d d d
clear liquid that fills ventricles & canals & bathes in its external surface (in subarachnoid sp
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ace)
The brain produces & absorbs ___ml/day of CSF - ans-500
d d d d d d d d d
Functions of CSF - ans-Buoyancy: floats brain so its neutrally buoyant
d d d d d d d d d d
Protection: cushions from hitting inside of skull
d d d d d d
Chemical stability: rinses away wastes d d d d
CSF escapes from ___ to surround the brain & is absorbed by ___ into venous sinus - ans-
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
4th ventricle/ arachnoid villi
d d d
Circumventricular organs... - d d
dans-...in 3rd & 4th ventricles are breaks in the barrier where blood has direct access
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-monitoring of glucose, pH, osmolarity & other variations
d d d d d d d
, -allows route for HIV to invade the brain
d d d d d d d
Blood-brain & Blood-CSF barriers - ans-Tightly joined endothelium
d d d d d d d
-permeable to lipid-soluble materials (alcohol, nicotine, O2, CO2 & anesthetics)
d d d d d d d d d
Hindbrain - ans-Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum
d d d d d
Medulla Oblongata - ans- d d d
contains cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory & reflex centers which adjust heart rate but also c
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ontrol coughing & sneezing, etc.
d d d d
-3 cm extension of spinal cord
d d d d d
-ascending & descending nerve tracts d d d d
-Nuclei of sensory & motor nerves (IX,X,XI,XII)
d d d d d d
Cardiac Center (Medulla) - ans-adjusts heart rate & force
d d d d d d d d
Vasomotor Center (Medulla) - ans-adjusts blood vessel diameter
d d d d d d d
Respiratory Center (Medulla) - ans-controls rate & depth of breathing
d d d d d d d d d
Reflex Center (Medulla) - ans-
d d d d
coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, vomiting, salivation, sweating, movements of to
d d d d d d d d d
ngue & head d d
Pons - ans-Bulge in the brainstem
d d d d d
-Rostral to the medulla d d d
-Ascending sensory tracts, descending motor tracks d d d d d
-pathways in & out of cerebellum d d d d d
-
nuclei concerned with sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye movements, facial expression, fa
d d d d d d d d d d d
cial sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control & posture (CN V, VI, VII, VIII)
d d d d d d d d d d d d
Cerebellum - ans- d d
Evaluates sensory input (spatial perception), timekeeping center (predicts movements of
d d d d d d d d d d
objects), distinguish pitch & similar sounding words, planning & scheduling tasks.
d d d d d d d d d d
-helps learn motor skills (memory)
d d d d
-Sits atop the 4th ventricle
d d d d
Cerebellar penduncles - ans-Connects cerebellum to the brainstem
d d d d d d d
Arbor vitae - ans-"tree of life" white matter visible in sagittal section of cerebellum
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Vermis - ans-connect left & right hemispheres of cerebellum
d d d d d d d d
Folia - ans-Parallel surface folds on cerebellum made up of gray matter
d d d d d d d d d d d
-all of output comes from deep gray nuclei
d d d d d d d
