BIO 210 TRIDENT TECH FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 – BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE,
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Anatomy - correct answer ✔✔studies the form and structure of the body
Physiology - correct answer ✔✔examines how the body functions
cytology - correct answer ✔✔study of body cells and their internal structure
Pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔relationship between the function of an organ system and disease
or injury to the system
Characteristics That Describe Living Things - correct answer ✔✔organization, metabolism, growth and
development, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction
Muscular System - correct answer ✔✔-Locomotion
-Heat production
(Muscles,Tendons)
endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔-Regulates body functions by chemicals (hormones)
(Pituitary gland, Parathyroid gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, Thymus, Pancreas, Gonads)
Respiratory system - correct answer ✔✔-Oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange
(Lungs,Trachea, Larynx, Nasal cavities, Pharynx)
lymphatic system - correct answer ✔✔-Returns tissue fluid to blood
-Defends against foreign organisms
(Spleen, Lymph nodes, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels)
integumentary system - correct answer ✔✔-Barrier to invading organisms and chemicals
-Temperature control
(Skin, Hair, Subcutaneous tissue)
nervous system - correct answer ✔✔-Coordinates activities of other organ systems
-Responds to sensations
(Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Eyes, Ears)
skeletal system - correct answer ✔✔-Supports and moves body
-Protects internal organs
-Mineral storage
,-Blood formation
(Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Bone marrow)
cardiovascular system - correct answer ✔✔-Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues
-Removes waste products
(Heart, Blood, Blood vessels)
reproductive system - correct answer ✔✔-Produces germ cells (eggs and sperm)
-Environment for growth of fetus (female)
(Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary glands, Testes, Prostate gland, External genitalia)
urinary system - correct answer ✔✔-Elimination of wastes
-Regulates pH and volume of blood
(Kidneys,Urinary bladder,Urethra)
digestive system - correct answer ✔✔-Processes foods
-Absorption of nutrients into body
(Stomach, Intestinal tract, Liver, Pancreas, Esophagus
Salivary gland)
anatomic positon - correct answer ✔✔Upright stance
Feet parallel and flat on the floor
Upper limbs at the sides of the body
Palms face anteriorly (toward the front)
Eyes look forward
What body parts make up the axial and appendicular skeleton - correct answer ✔✔The axial skeleton
forms the central axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
The appendicular skeleton consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, the limb bones, and the bones of
the hands and feet.
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal
environment, or "steady state," in response to changing internal or external condi ons
Components of Homeostatic Systems - correct answer ✔✔receptor, control center, effector
positive feedback - correct answer ✔✔Occurs much less frequently than negative feedback
Stimulus is reinforced to continue moving variable in same direction as stimulus
negative feedback - correct answer ✔✔Controls most processes in the body
Variable fluctuates within a normal range around a set
point
, matter - correct answer ✔✔Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom - correct answer ✔✔Smallest particle of an element
isotopes - correct answer ✔✔Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Molecule - correct answer ✔✔two or more atoms held together by bonds
amphipathic molecules - correct answer ✔✔Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and
hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
Solution - correct answer ✔✔A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Mixture - correct answer ✔✔A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined
Three subatomic particles - correct answer ✔✔protons, neutrons, electrons
Location of subatomic particles - correct answer ✔✔(1) Proton and neutron - nucleus
(2) Electron - electron cloud
Formula for carbon dioxide - correct answer ✔✔CO2
Formula for water - correct answer ✔✔H2O
formula for methane - correct answer ✔✔CH4
pH scale - correct answer ✔✔measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions
(H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
Acid range on pH scale - correct answer ✔✔0-6.9
Base range on pH scale - correct answer ✔✔7.1-14
Four classes of biological molecules - correct answer ✔✔carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Carbohydrates function - correct answer ✔✔main source of energy
Lipid function - correct answer ✔✔long term energy storage
protein functions - correct answer ✔✔structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications,
movement, and defense against foreign substances
nucleic acid function - correct answer ✔✔store and transmit genetic information
difference in electrolytes and non electrolytes - correct answer ✔✔Electrolytes are salts or molecules
that ionize completely in solution. As a result, electrolyte solutions readily conduct electricity.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Anatomy - correct answer ✔✔studies the form and structure of the body
Physiology - correct answer ✔✔examines how the body functions
cytology - correct answer ✔✔study of body cells and their internal structure
Pathophysiology - correct answer ✔✔relationship between the function of an organ system and disease
or injury to the system
Characteristics That Describe Living Things - correct answer ✔✔organization, metabolism, growth and
development, responsiveness, regulation, reproduction
Muscular System - correct answer ✔✔-Locomotion
-Heat production
(Muscles,Tendons)
endocrine system - correct answer ✔✔-Regulates body functions by chemicals (hormones)
(Pituitary gland, Parathyroid gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland, Thymus, Pancreas, Gonads)
Respiratory system - correct answer ✔✔-Oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange
(Lungs,Trachea, Larynx, Nasal cavities, Pharynx)
lymphatic system - correct answer ✔✔-Returns tissue fluid to blood
-Defends against foreign organisms
(Spleen, Lymph nodes, Thymus, Lymphatic vessels)
integumentary system - correct answer ✔✔-Barrier to invading organisms and chemicals
-Temperature control
(Skin, Hair, Subcutaneous tissue)
nervous system - correct answer ✔✔-Coordinates activities of other organ systems
-Responds to sensations
(Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Eyes, Ears)
skeletal system - correct answer ✔✔-Supports and moves body
-Protects internal organs
-Mineral storage
,-Blood formation
(Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Bone marrow)
cardiovascular system - correct answer ✔✔-Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues
-Removes waste products
(Heart, Blood, Blood vessels)
reproductive system - correct answer ✔✔-Produces germ cells (eggs and sperm)
-Environment for growth of fetus (female)
(Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary glands, Testes, Prostate gland, External genitalia)
urinary system - correct answer ✔✔-Elimination of wastes
-Regulates pH and volume of blood
(Kidneys,Urinary bladder,Urethra)
digestive system - correct answer ✔✔-Processes foods
-Absorption of nutrients into body
(Stomach, Intestinal tract, Liver, Pancreas, Esophagus
Salivary gland)
anatomic positon - correct answer ✔✔Upright stance
Feet parallel and flat on the floor
Upper limbs at the sides of the body
Palms face anteriorly (toward the front)
Eyes look forward
What body parts make up the axial and appendicular skeleton - correct answer ✔✔The axial skeleton
forms the central axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
The appendicular skeleton consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, the limb bones, and the bones of
the hands and feet.
Homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔the ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal
environment, or "steady state," in response to changing internal or external condi ons
Components of Homeostatic Systems - correct answer ✔✔receptor, control center, effector
positive feedback - correct answer ✔✔Occurs much less frequently than negative feedback
Stimulus is reinforced to continue moving variable in same direction as stimulus
negative feedback - correct answer ✔✔Controls most processes in the body
Variable fluctuates within a normal range around a set
point
, matter - correct answer ✔✔Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom - correct answer ✔✔Smallest particle of an element
isotopes - correct answer ✔✔Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
Molecule - correct answer ✔✔two or more atoms held together by bonds
amphipathic molecules - correct answer ✔✔Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophobic regions and
hydrophilic regions <phospholipids>.
Solution - correct answer ✔✔A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Mixture - correct answer ✔✔A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically
combined
Three subatomic particles - correct answer ✔✔protons, neutrons, electrons
Location of subatomic particles - correct answer ✔✔(1) Proton and neutron - nucleus
(2) Electron - electron cloud
Formula for carbon dioxide - correct answer ✔✔CO2
Formula for water - correct answer ✔✔H2O
formula for methane - correct answer ✔✔CH4
pH scale - correct answer ✔✔measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions
(H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
Acid range on pH scale - correct answer ✔✔0-6.9
Base range on pH scale - correct answer ✔✔7.1-14
Four classes of biological molecules - correct answer ✔✔carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Carbohydrates function - correct answer ✔✔main source of energy
Lipid function - correct answer ✔✔long term energy storage
protein functions - correct answer ✔✔structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications,
movement, and defense against foreign substances
nucleic acid function - correct answer ✔✔store and transmit genetic information
difference in electrolytes and non electrolytes - correct answer ✔✔Electrolytes are salts or molecules
that ionize completely in solution. As a result, electrolyte solutions readily conduct electricity.
