INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL
PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉type I hypersensitivity. Answer: anaphylactic reaction, IgE
mediated
occur quickly after challenge with sensitized allergen and is called
an immediate hypersensitivity reaction
symptoms: urticaria, rash, vasodilation, hypotension, edema,
inflammation, rhinits, asthma, tachycardia
result from histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
◉type II hypersensitivity. Answer: cytolytic reactions, mediated by
IgG and IgM, affect cells of circulatory system
,hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, systemic
lupus erythematosus
autoimmune reactions to drugs usually subside within several
months after drug discontinuation
◉type III hypersensitivity. Answer: arthus reactions, mediated by
IgG
immune complexes are deposited in the vascular endothelium,
where a destructive inflammatory response (serum sickness) occurs
Symptoms include erythema multiforme, arthritis, nephritis, CNS
abnormalities, myocarditis
ex: sulfonamide antibiotics
◉type IV hypersensitivity. Answer: delayed hypersensitivity
reactions, mediated by T-lymphocytes and macrophages
when sensitized cells come in contact with an antigen, lymphokines
cause an inflammatory reaction
ex: poison ivy
, ◉idiosyncracy. Answer: an unusual response to a drug, usually
caused by genetic differences in metabolism or immunologic
mechanisms
◉hyperreactive. Answer: the intensity of a given dose of a drug is
greater than anticipated
◉hyporeactive. Answer: the intensity of a given dose of a drug is less
than anticipated
◉passive diffusion. Answer: most common
proportional to concentration gradient; for non-electrolytes -
proportional to lipid solubility (partition coefficient); for electrolytes
- related to pH
small (<200) water soluble molecules move with water
most drugs are WA or WB
◉facilitated diffusion. Answer: transport relies on molecular binding
between the cargo (drug) and the membrane-embedded channel or
carrier protein
PHARMACOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉type I hypersensitivity. Answer: anaphylactic reaction, IgE
mediated
occur quickly after challenge with sensitized allergen and is called
an immediate hypersensitivity reaction
symptoms: urticaria, rash, vasodilation, hypotension, edema,
inflammation, rhinits, asthma, tachycardia
result from histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
◉type II hypersensitivity. Answer: cytolytic reactions, mediated by
IgG and IgM, affect cells of circulatory system
,hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, systemic
lupus erythematosus
autoimmune reactions to drugs usually subside within several
months after drug discontinuation
◉type III hypersensitivity. Answer: arthus reactions, mediated by
IgG
immune complexes are deposited in the vascular endothelium,
where a destructive inflammatory response (serum sickness) occurs
Symptoms include erythema multiforme, arthritis, nephritis, CNS
abnormalities, myocarditis
ex: sulfonamide antibiotics
◉type IV hypersensitivity. Answer: delayed hypersensitivity
reactions, mediated by T-lymphocytes and macrophages
when sensitized cells come in contact with an antigen, lymphokines
cause an inflammatory reaction
ex: poison ivy
, ◉idiosyncracy. Answer: an unusual response to a drug, usually
caused by genetic differences in metabolism or immunologic
mechanisms
◉hyperreactive. Answer: the intensity of a given dose of a drug is
greater than anticipated
◉hyporeactive. Answer: the intensity of a given dose of a drug is less
than anticipated
◉passive diffusion. Answer: most common
proportional to concentration gradient; for non-electrolytes -
proportional to lipid solubility (partition coefficient); for electrolytes
- related to pH
small (<200) water soluble molecules move with water
most drugs are WA or WB
◉facilitated diffusion. Answer: transport relies on molecular binding
between the cargo (drug) and the membrane-embedded channel or
carrier protein
