WGU D830 Introduction to Cryptography OA Study
Guide | 651 Questions and Answers with
Rationales | PSY0/SY01 V1 & V2 | 100% Correct
2026.
1. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the:
a) Neuron
b) Nephron
c) Alveolus
d) Villus
Answer: b) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structure responsible for filtering blood
and forming urine. Neurons are for the nervous system, alveoli for lungs, and villi
for the intestines.
2. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they
generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult is approximately:
a) 40–60 bpm
b) 60–100 bpm
c) 100–140 bpm
d) 140–180 bpm
Answer: b) 60–100 bpm
Rationale: Normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Athletes may have lower rates.
,4. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
a) Veins
b) Capillaries
c) Venules
d) Arteries
Answer: d) Arteries
Rationale: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except
pulmonary artery). Veins carry blood back to the heart.
5. The pH of normal human blood is approximately:
a) 6.4
b) 7.0
c) 7.4
d) 8.0
Answer: c) 7.4
Rationale: Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45.
6. Which part of the brain controls coordination and balance?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains
posture and balance.
7. The largest organ of the human body is the:
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Skin
d) Heart
Answer: c) Skin
Rationale: The skin covers about 1.5 to 2 square meters and is the largest organ
by weight and surface area.
8. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels by lowering them?
a) Glucagon
, b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine
Answer: b) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood sugar.
Glucagon raises blood sugar.
9. The function of hemoglobin is to:
a) Clot blood
b) Fight infection
c) Transport oxygen
d) Digest fats
Answer: c) Transport oxygen
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases
it in tissues.
10. Which bone is the longest and heaviest in the human body?
a) Tibia
b) Fibula
c) Humerus
d) Femur
Answer: d) Femur
Rationale: The femur (thigh bone) supports the weight of the body and is the
longest bone.
11. The pacemaker of the heart is the:
a) AV node
b) Purkinje fibers
c) SA node
d) Bundle of His
Answer: c) SA node
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses that initiate the
heartbeat.
12. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the
body?
a) Right atrium
Guide | 651 Questions and Answers with
Rationales | PSY0/SY01 V1 & V2 | 100% Correct
2026.
1. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the:
a) Neuron
b) Nephron
c) Alveolus
d) Villus
Answer: b) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structure responsible for filtering blood
and forming urine. Neurons are for the nervous system, alveoli for lungs, and villi
for the intestines.
2. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production?
a) Ribosome
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Mitochondria
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they
generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. The normal resting heart rate for a healthy adult is approximately:
a) 40–60 bpm
b) 60–100 bpm
c) 100–140 bpm
d) 140–180 bpm
Answer: b) 60–100 bpm
Rationale: Normal resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Athletes may have lower rates.
,4. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
a) Veins
b) Capillaries
c) Venules
d) Arteries
Answer: d) Arteries
Rationale: Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except
pulmonary artery). Veins carry blood back to the heart.
5. The pH of normal human blood is approximately:
a) 6.4
b) 7.0
c) 7.4
d) 8.0
Answer: c) 7.4
Rationale: Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45.
6. Which part of the brain controls coordination and balance?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Medulla oblongata
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Cerebellum
Rationale: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains
posture and balance.
7. The largest organ of the human body is the:
a) Liver
b) Brain
c) Skin
d) Heart
Answer: c) Skin
Rationale: The skin covers about 1.5 to 2 square meters and is the largest organ
by weight and surface area.
8. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels by lowering them?
a) Glucagon
, b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Thyroxine
Answer: b) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood sugar.
Glucagon raises blood sugar.
9. The function of hemoglobin is to:
a) Clot blood
b) Fight infection
c) Transport oxygen
d) Digest fats
Answer: c) Transport oxygen
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases
it in tissues.
10. Which bone is the longest and heaviest in the human body?
a) Tibia
b) Fibula
c) Humerus
d) Femur
Answer: d) Femur
Rationale: The femur (thigh bone) supports the weight of the body and is the
longest bone.
11. The pacemaker of the heart is the:
a) AV node
b) Purkinje fibers
c) SA node
d) Bundle of His
Answer: c) SA node
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses that initiate the
heartbeat.
12. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the
body?
a) Right atrium
