NUR 631 Advanced Physiology Pathophysiology Midterm Final 2026-169
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+. 100% Verified Solutions
Updated Per Latest Guidelines Graded A+....
NUR 631 Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology
180 Practice Questions with Answers, Rationales, and Multiple Choice
SECTION 1: CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT (Questions 1-20)
Question 1
What must polar charged molecules use to cross the lipid bilayer?
A) Simple diffusion
B) Carrier proteins, channels, or pumps
C) Osmosis
D) Endocytosis
Answer: B) Carrier proteins, channels, or pumps
Rationale: The lipid bilayer is hydrophobic and impermeable to polar, charged
molecules such as ions, glucose, and amino acids. These molecules require
transmembrane proteins—carriers, channels, or pumps—to facilitate their
movement across the membrane. Simple diffusion only works for small, nonpolar
molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide .
,Question 2
Which type of carrier protein transports two molecules in opposite directions
across the cell membrane?
A) Symporter
B) Antiporter
C) Uniporter
D) Channel protein
Answer: B) Antiporter
Rationale: Carrier proteins are classified based on the direction of molecule
movement. Antiporters transport two molecules in opposite directions (e.g.,
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger). Symporters move molecules in the same direction, while
uniporters transport a single molecule. Channel proteins form pores for passive
ion movement .
Question 3
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
,A) +30 mV
B) -70 mV
C) -55 mV
D) +10 mV
Answer: B) -70 mV
Rationale: The resting membrane potential is established by the unequal
distribution of ions across the cell membrane, primarily due to the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump and the membrane's greater permeability to K+. The typical neuronal
resting potential is -70 mV, with the inside of the cell being negative relative to
the outside .
Question 4
Which cellular receptor type is the sodium-potassium pump classified as?
A) G-protein coupled receptor
B) Ligand-gated ion channel
C) Carrier protein (transporter)
, D) Receptor tyrosine kinase
Answer: C) Carrier protein (transporter)
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump is a transmembrane carrier protein that
uses ATP energy to actively transport 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into
the cell. It is a primary active transporter, classified as a P-type ATPase, not a
receptor .
Question 5
During an action potential, what occurs during the depolarization phase?
A) Potassium rushes out of the cell
B) Sodium rushes into the cell
C) Chloride enters the cell
D) Calcium is pumped out
Answer: B) Sodium rushes into the cell
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+. 100% Verified Solutions
Updated Per Latest Guidelines Graded A+....
NUR 631 Advanced Physiology & Pathophysiology
180 Practice Questions with Answers, Rationales, and Multiple Choice
SECTION 1: CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY & MEMBRANE TRANSPORT (Questions 1-20)
Question 1
What must polar charged molecules use to cross the lipid bilayer?
A) Simple diffusion
B) Carrier proteins, channels, or pumps
C) Osmosis
D) Endocytosis
Answer: B) Carrier proteins, channels, or pumps
Rationale: The lipid bilayer is hydrophobic and impermeable to polar, charged
molecules such as ions, glucose, and amino acids. These molecules require
transmembrane proteins—carriers, channels, or pumps—to facilitate their
movement across the membrane. Simple diffusion only works for small, nonpolar
molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide .
,Question 2
Which type of carrier protein transports two molecules in opposite directions
across the cell membrane?
A) Symporter
B) Antiporter
C) Uniporter
D) Channel protein
Answer: B) Antiporter
Rationale: Carrier proteins are classified based on the direction of molecule
movement. Antiporters transport two molecules in opposite directions (e.g.,
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger). Symporters move molecules in the same direction, while
uniporters transport a single molecule. Channel proteins form pores for passive
ion movement .
Question 3
The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately:
,A) +30 mV
B) -70 mV
C) -55 mV
D) +10 mV
Answer: B) -70 mV
Rationale: The resting membrane potential is established by the unequal
distribution of ions across the cell membrane, primarily due to the Na+/K+ ATPase
pump and the membrane's greater permeability to K+. The typical neuronal
resting potential is -70 mV, with the inside of the cell being negative relative to
the outside .
Question 4
Which cellular receptor type is the sodium-potassium pump classified as?
A) G-protein coupled receptor
B) Ligand-gated ion channel
C) Carrier protein (transporter)
, D) Receptor tyrosine kinase
Answer: C) Carrier protein (transporter)
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump is a transmembrane carrier protein that
uses ATP energy to actively transport 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into
the cell. It is a primary active transporter, classified as a P-type ATPase, not a
receptor .
Question 5
During an action potential, what occurs during the depolarization phase?
A) Potassium rushes out of the cell
B) Sodium rushes into the cell
C) Chloride enters the cell
D) Calcium is pumped out
Answer: B) Sodium rushes into the cell
