Answer key included
WORKBOOK
, Contents
1 Foundations of Sonography, 1
2 Introduction to Physical Findings, Physiology, and Laboratory Data, 7
3 Essentials of Patient Care for the Sonographer, 11
4 Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Issues in Sonography, 15
5 Understanding Other Imaging Modalities, 19
6 Artifacts in Scanning, 27
7 Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships within the Abdominal Cavity, 35
8 Introduction to Abdominal Scanning: Techniques and Protocols, 47
9 The Vascular System, 61
10 The Liver, 73
11 The Gallbladder and the Biliary System, 85
12 The Pancreas, 97
13 The Gastrointestinal Tract, 107
14 The Urinary System, 117
15 The Spleen, 131
16 The Retroperitoneum, 139
17 The Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal Wall, 147
18 Abdominal Applications of Ultrasound Contrast Agents, 155
19 Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques, 161
20 Emergent Abdominal Ultrasound Procedures, 165
21 The Breast, 171
22 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, 181
23 The Scrotum, 187
24 The Musculoskeletal System, 193
25 Neonatal Echoencephalography, 201
26 The Pediatric Abdomen: Jaundice and Common Surgical Conditions, 215
27 The Neonatal and Pediatric Kidneys and Adrenal Glands, 223
28 The Neonatal and Pediatric Pelvis, 231
29 The Neonatal Hip, 235
30 The Neonatal Spine, 243
31 Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships Within the Thoracic Cavity, 251
32 Introduction to Echocardiographic Evaluation and Techniques, 259
33 Fetal Echocardiography: Beyond the Four Chambers, 263
34 Fetal Echocardiography: Congenital Heart Disease, 271
35 Extracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation, 281
v
,
, 36 Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation, 287
37 Peripheral Arterial Evaluation, 293
38 Peripheral Venous Evaluation, 301
39 Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis, 311
40 The Sonographic and Doppler Evaluation of the Female Pelvis, 321
41 Pathology of the Uterus, 327
42 Pathology of the Ovaries, 333
43 Pathology of the Adnexa, 341
44 The Role of Ultrasound in Evaluating Female Infertility, 347
45 The Role of Sonography in Obstetrics, 351
46 Clinical Ethics for Obstetric Sonography, 357
47 The Normal First Trimester, 359
48 First-Trimester Complications, 367
49 Sonography of the Second and Third Trimesters, 375
50 Obstetric Measurements and Gestational Age, 385
51 Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography, 391
52 Sonography and High Risk Pregnancy, 397
53 Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies, 405
54 3D and 4D Evaluation of Fetal Anomalies, 413
55 The Placenta, 417
56 The Umbilical Cord, 425
57 Amniotic Fluid, Fetal Membranes, and Fetal Hydrops, 431
58 The Fetal Face and Neck, 437
59 The Fetal Neural Axis, 447
60 The Fetal Thorax, 453
61 The Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall, 459
62 The Fetal Abdomen, 463
63 The Fetal Urogenital System, 469
64 The Fetal Skeleton, 479
Cardiovascular Anatomy Review, 487
General Sonography Review, 493
Obstetrics and Gynecology Review, 519
Pediatric Review, 543
Case Studies, 551
Answer Key, 573
1
Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Foundations of Sonography
WORKBOOK
, Contents
1 Foundations of Sonography, 1
2 Introduction to Physical Findings, Physiology, and Laboratory Data, 7
3 Essentials of Patient Care for the Sonographer, 11
4 Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Issues in Sonography, 15
5 Understanding Other Imaging Modalities, 19
6 Artifacts in Scanning, 27
7 Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships within the Abdominal Cavity, 35
8 Introduction to Abdominal Scanning: Techniques and Protocols, 47
9 The Vascular System, 61
10 The Liver, 73
11 The Gallbladder and the Biliary System, 85
12 The Pancreas, 97
13 The Gastrointestinal Tract, 107
14 The Urinary System, 117
15 The Spleen, 131
16 The Retroperitoneum, 139
17 The Peritoneal Cavity and Abdominal Wall, 147
18 Abdominal Applications of Ultrasound Contrast Agents, 155
19 Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques, 161
20 Emergent Abdominal Ultrasound Procedures, 165
21 The Breast, 171
22 The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, 181
23 The Scrotum, 187
24 The Musculoskeletal System, 193
25 Neonatal Echoencephalography, 201
26 The Pediatric Abdomen: Jaundice and Common Surgical Conditions, 215
27 The Neonatal and Pediatric Kidneys and Adrenal Glands, 223
28 The Neonatal and Pediatric Pelvis, 231
29 The Neonatal Hip, 235
30 The Neonatal Spine, 243
31 Anatomic and Physiologic Relationships Within the Thoracic Cavity, 251
32 Introduction to Echocardiographic Evaluation and Techniques, 259
33 Fetal Echocardiography: Beyond the Four Chambers, 263
34 Fetal Echocardiography: Congenital Heart Disease, 271
35 Extracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation, 281
v
,
, 36 Intracranial Cerebrovascular Evaluation, 287
37 Peripheral Arterial Evaluation, 293
38 Peripheral Venous Evaluation, 301
39 Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis, 311
40 The Sonographic and Doppler Evaluation of the Female Pelvis, 321
41 Pathology of the Uterus, 327
42 Pathology of the Ovaries, 333
43 Pathology of the Adnexa, 341
44 The Role of Ultrasound in Evaluating Female Infertility, 347
45 The Role of Sonography in Obstetrics, 351
46 Clinical Ethics for Obstetric Sonography, 357
47 The Normal First Trimester, 359
48 First-Trimester Complications, 367
49 Sonography of the Second and Third Trimesters, 375
50 Obstetric Measurements and Gestational Age, 385
51 Fetal Growth Assessment by Sonography, 391
52 Sonography and High Risk Pregnancy, 397
53 Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Anomalies, 405
54 3D and 4D Evaluation of Fetal Anomalies, 413
55 The Placenta, 417
56 The Umbilical Cord, 425
57 Amniotic Fluid, Fetal Membranes, and Fetal Hydrops, 431
58 The Fetal Face and Neck, 437
59 The Fetal Neural Axis, 447
60 The Fetal Thorax, 453
61 The Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall, 459
62 The Fetal Abdomen, 463
63 The Fetal Urogenital System, 469
64 The Fetal Skeleton, 479
Cardiovascular Anatomy Review, 487
General Sonography Review, 493
Obstetrics and Gynecology Review, 519
Pediatric Review, 543
Case Studies, 551
Answer Key, 573
1
Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 1 Foundations of Sonography
