BIOS 256 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
●● Which body fluid is filtered by the kidneys?
Bile
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Saliva
Feces
Answer: Blood
●● Each of these organs is a component of the urinary system, except
the
kidney
urinary bladder
rectum
ureter
urethra
Answer: rectum
,●● Determine if the statement is describing the ureter or the urethra.
Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder: urethra or ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: urethra or ureter
Answer: Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder: Ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: Urethra
The ureter and urethra are two structures that are commonly confused
due to their similarity in spelling. The ureters are paired muscular tubes
that will carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. The urethra is a
single tube that will carry urine out of the bladder towards the
environment.
●● Which hormones are secreted by the kidneys? Select all that apply.
Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Aldosterone
Angiotensin II
Answer: Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
,Aldosterone is secreted by the suprarenal (adrenal) glands. Angiotensin
II is a blood pressure-regulating hormone that requires activation of
angiotensinogen by renin and angiotensin-converting enzymes.
●● The renal veins drain into the
renal arteries
inferior vena cava
segmental arteries
superior vena cava
abdominal aorta
Answer: Inferior vena cava
Veins do not drain into the arteries but rather into other veins until the
blood reaches the heart. The superior vena cava drains structures from
above the heart whereas the kidneys are found in the abdominal cavity.
●● Which component of the kidney is responsible for the filtration of
blood plasma?
Nephron tubule
Nephron loop
Renal capsule
Collecting duct
, Renal corpuscle
Answer: Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of three filtration membranes: the
fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the basal lamina,
and the filtration slits created by the podocytes of the glomerular
capsule.
The nephron tubule, nephron loop, and collecting duct will participate in
reabsorption and excretion. The renal capsule acts as a protective
structure around the outside of the kidney.
●● Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by
the blood vessels
the lymphatics
the ureters
the urethra
the renal cortex
Answer: The ureters
Note that although the ureters and urethra look similar in name, they are
very different. The ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the
kidneys and drain urine into the bladder, whereas the urethra carries
urine from the bladder to the outside.
PRACTICE SOLUTION TESTED QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
●● Which body fluid is filtered by the kidneys?
Bile
Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid
Saliva
Feces
Answer: Blood
●● Each of these organs is a component of the urinary system, except
the
kidney
urinary bladder
rectum
ureter
urethra
Answer: rectum
,●● Determine if the statement is describing the ureter or the urethra.
Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder: urethra or ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: urethra or ureter
Answer: Carries urine between the kidney and the bladder: Ureter
Carries urine between the bladder and the environment: Urethra
The ureter and urethra are two structures that are commonly confused
due to their similarity in spelling. The ureters are paired muscular tubes
that will carry urine from the kidney to the bladder. The urethra is a
single tube that will carry urine out of the bladder towards the
environment.
●● Which hormones are secreted by the kidneys? Select all that apply.
Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Aldosterone
Angiotensin II
Answer: Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
,Aldosterone is secreted by the suprarenal (adrenal) glands. Angiotensin
II is a blood pressure-regulating hormone that requires activation of
angiotensinogen by renin and angiotensin-converting enzymes.
●● The renal veins drain into the
renal arteries
inferior vena cava
segmental arteries
superior vena cava
abdominal aorta
Answer: Inferior vena cava
Veins do not drain into the arteries but rather into other veins until the
blood reaches the heart. The superior vena cava drains structures from
above the heart whereas the kidneys are found in the abdominal cavity.
●● Which component of the kidney is responsible for the filtration of
blood plasma?
Nephron tubule
Nephron loop
Renal capsule
Collecting duct
, Renal corpuscle
Answer: Renal corpuscle
The renal corpuscle consists of three filtration membranes: the
fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the basal lamina,
and the filtration slits created by the podocytes of the glomerular
capsule.
The nephron tubule, nephron loop, and collecting duct will participate in
reabsorption and excretion. The renal capsule acts as a protective
structure around the outside of the kidney.
●● Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by
the blood vessels
the lymphatics
the ureters
the urethra
the renal cortex
Answer: The ureters
Note that although the ureters and urethra look similar in name, they are
very different. The ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the
kidneys and drain urine into the bladder, whereas the urethra carries
urine from the bladder to the outside.
