Cell and Molecular Biology Exam 1
Theory of Eukaryotes in and endosymbiotic event, an archaeal cell ate a bacterial cell and bacteria
became a mitochondrion, which is why they have DNA
Characteristics of prokaryotic cell ribosomes and DNA are in same compartment, so ribosomes convert RNA to
proteins very quickly (fast protein synthesis), a membrane, simple cell plan
Main organelles in eukaryotic cells (7) mitochondria, peroxisome, ER, golgi, nucleus, lysosome, vesicle
Function of ER Protein and lipid synthesis. It also helps membranes grow or shrink to allow
vesicles to move around cell
Function of golgi package molecules from ER for secretion to another part of cell or excretion
Function of nucleus store DNA info. double membrane with pores
Function of lysosome break things down for intracellular digestion
Function of mitochondria metabolism finishes here. Allows cells to take in O2. Outer and inner membrane.
Uses surfaces area to increase metabolism. Has own DNA
Function of peroxisome neutralizes oxidative toxins in cell and helps with some lipid synthesis
How do prokaryotes accomplish the same metabolism they do it across their outer membrane
as eukaryotes
Cytosol everything in cell not inside lumen of organelles
Cytoplasm everything inside a cell
Size range of prokaryotic cells 0.5 micrometers-5 micrometers
Size range of eukaryotic cells 10 micrometers-meters
Four groups of molecules proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Three groups of macromolecules carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
What make up macromolecules? How are they linked? subunits. covalent bonds (share electrons)
How are macromolecules linked? How do they fold? Linked linearly by covalent bonds, then are folded into 3D shape by other non-
covalent bonds
, Cell and Molecular Biology Exam 1
What is the subunit of proteins? 20 amino acids
What is the enzyme that allows for covalent bonds? ribosomes
Are covalent bonds spontaneous or non-spontaneous? non-spontaneous. Spontaneous
Non-covalent bonds?
What is the subunit of nucleic acids? 4 nucleotides (A, T/U, C, G)
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
How do nucleic acids get their 3D shape? Two covalently made strands fold with another, and specific lettered
nucleotides match with another, creating the double helix shape
What is needed to make a covalent bond? enzyme
What is another word for macromolecule? polymer
What are macromolecules made of? monomers linearly arranged into macromolecules
What do proteins give the cell? Shape, function, form, and behavior
What forms the cytoskeleton in cells? proteins (tubulin, actin)
Different kinds of protein functions (only 4 here) transport protein (hemaglobin), receptor proteins (pick up stimuli and change
cell behavior. Ex: rhodopsin), signaling proteins (insulin), enzymes (catalyst)
Theory of Eukaryotes in and endosymbiotic event, an archaeal cell ate a bacterial cell and bacteria
became a mitochondrion, which is why they have DNA
Characteristics of prokaryotic cell ribosomes and DNA are in same compartment, so ribosomes convert RNA to
proteins very quickly (fast protein synthesis), a membrane, simple cell plan
Main organelles in eukaryotic cells (7) mitochondria, peroxisome, ER, golgi, nucleus, lysosome, vesicle
Function of ER Protein and lipid synthesis. It also helps membranes grow or shrink to allow
vesicles to move around cell
Function of golgi package molecules from ER for secretion to another part of cell or excretion
Function of nucleus store DNA info. double membrane with pores
Function of lysosome break things down for intracellular digestion
Function of mitochondria metabolism finishes here. Allows cells to take in O2. Outer and inner membrane.
Uses surfaces area to increase metabolism. Has own DNA
Function of peroxisome neutralizes oxidative toxins in cell and helps with some lipid synthesis
How do prokaryotes accomplish the same metabolism they do it across their outer membrane
as eukaryotes
Cytosol everything in cell not inside lumen of organelles
Cytoplasm everything inside a cell
Size range of prokaryotic cells 0.5 micrometers-5 micrometers
Size range of eukaryotic cells 10 micrometers-meters
Four groups of molecules proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Three groups of macromolecules carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins
What make up macromolecules? How are they linked? subunits. covalent bonds (share electrons)
How are macromolecules linked? How do they fold? Linked linearly by covalent bonds, then are folded into 3D shape by other non-
covalent bonds
, Cell and Molecular Biology Exam 1
What is the subunit of proteins? 20 amino acids
What is the enzyme that allows for covalent bonds? ribosomes
Are covalent bonds spontaneous or non-spontaneous? non-spontaneous. Spontaneous
Non-covalent bonds?
What is the subunit of nucleic acids? 4 nucleotides (A, T/U, C, G)
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
How do nucleic acids get their 3D shape? Two covalently made strands fold with another, and specific lettered
nucleotides match with another, creating the double helix shape
What is needed to make a covalent bond? enzyme
What is another word for macromolecule? polymer
What are macromolecules made of? monomers linearly arranged into macromolecules
What do proteins give the cell? Shape, function, form, and behavior
What forms the cytoskeleton in cells? proteins (tubulin, actin)
Different kinds of protein functions (only 4 here) transport protein (hemaglobin), receptor proteins (pick up stimuli and change
cell behavior. Ex: rhodopsin), signaling proteins (insulin), enzymes (catalyst)
