BYU IT&C 101 Final Exam Study Card
What is an embedded system? A computer system that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system. Camera in a phone.
What is IoT? The collection of devices that communicate over the Internet with each other in
order to affect and monitor the real world. Lowkey a bunch of embedded
systems.
Why is it important to secure IoT devices? Because hackers can gain control and affect the real world. Printing random
things... hacking a casino through the fish tank thermometer...
Congrats. You did it! Do a practice problem converting hexadecimal to binary.
What makes something a technology? Technology includes processes, not just things like computers or phones. The
assembly line is a technology.
Top Level Domain Domains (including .net, .org, .com, .mil. and the set .xx country codes)
Second Level Domain Yahoo.com, Whitehouse.gov, Unesco.org
Sub-level Domains lib.byu.edu
Domain Path /document/j/he89q23
CPU Central Processing Unit. Does all the processes. Seems legit.
RAM Random Access Memory. Volatile memory within a computer that holds active
processes, data, and applications.
Motherboard Holds all the main computer components. Anyone else watch that show with the
intelligence lady in the computer named motherboard who had a lazy eye? And
the kids would work to defeat a shrek-looking guy in a cape? Anyways...
Power Supply Supplies the power. Lol.
GPU A specialized, electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory
to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a
display device.
NIC The chip that connects a computer to a computer network. Houses the RJ-45
port.
Fetch-Execute Cycle the basic process performed by the CPU. On each cycle the CPU fetches the
next instruction from RAM, interprets it and executes it. Fetch!
, BYU IT&C 101 Final Exam Study Card
Non-volatile memory Memory that is not lost when power is lost. Most common forms are HDDs and
SSDs.
Volatile Memory Memory that is lost upon shut down. Typically found in the CPU.
What are the roles of an OS? Application Management, Disk Management, Device Management, Process
Management, etc...
GUI vs CLI GUI is a pretty graphical interface. Pretty much anything with pictures you can
click on. CLI (command line interface) is the command line. It's like driving your
computer manually.
Application Software Software that runs as per user request. It runs on the platform provided by the
system software. It is used by the user to perform a task and installed according
to the user's requirements.
System Software The software that provides the interface between application software and the
system. Typically used for operation computer hardware and is installed when
the operation system is installed.
Firmware? Pre-installed software on a device that tells it how to work. Like that solitaire you
can't get rid of >:( Just kidding. More like the software that helps it boot up, keep
good temperature, run programs, etc.
Utility Software Used to support and maintain the computer itself. Backup software, Disk
Cleaners, Antivirus, etc.
What is BIOS? Basic Input Output System. A combination of low-level software and drivers that
function as the interface, intermediary, or layer between a computer's hardware
and its operating system. The first thing that boots up your computer.
What is a virtual machine? Allows you to run other operating systems in a closed environment on your
computer. Constrained by the hardware you're running it on.
What is a directory? Pretty sure it's literally just a fancy word for a folder.
What are file permissions? Who can access the file. Like puttin' a lock on ur special stuff.
cd ./ or pwd References current directory
cd ../ Navigates "up" one directory, to the parent directory
cd ~/ navigates to home directory
chmod changes your permissions. linux command
What is an embedded system? A computer system that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system. Camera in a phone.
What is IoT? The collection of devices that communicate over the Internet with each other in
order to affect and monitor the real world. Lowkey a bunch of embedded
systems.
Why is it important to secure IoT devices? Because hackers can gain control and affect the real world. Printing random
things... hacking a casino through the fish tank thermometer...
Congrats. You did it! Do a practice problem converting hexadecimal to binary.
What makes something a technology? Technology includes processes, not just things like computers or phones. The
assembly line is a technology.
Top Level Domain Domains (including .net, .org, .com, .mil. and the set .xx country codes)
Second Level Domain Yahoo.com, Whitehouse.gov, Unesco.org
Sub-level Domains lib.byu.edu
Domain Path /document/j/he89q23
CPU Central Processing Unit. Does all the processes. Seems legit.
RAM Random Access Memory. Volatile memory within a computer that holds active
processes, data, and applications.
Motherboard Holds all the main computer components. Anyone else watch that show with the
intelligence lady in the computer named motherboard who had a lazy eye? And
the kids would work to defeat a shrek-looking guy in a cape? Anyways...
Power Supply Supplies the power. Lol.
GPU A specialized, electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory
to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a
display device.
NIC The chip that connects a computer to a computer network. Houses the RJ-45
port.
Fetch-Execute Cycle the basic process performed by the CPU. On each cycle the CPU fetches the
next instruction from RAM, interprets it and executes it. Fetch!
, BYU IT&C 101 Final Exam Study Card
Non-volatile memory Memory that is not lost when power is lost. Most common forms are HDDs and
SSDs.
Volatile Memory Memory that is lost upon shut down. Typically found in the CPU.
What are the roles of an OS? Application Management, Disk Management, Device Management, Process
Management, etc...
GUI vs CLI GUI is a pretty graphical interface. Pretty much anything with pictures you can
click on. CLI (command line interface) is the command line. It's like driving your
computer manually.
Application Software Software that runs as per user request. It runs on the platform provided by the
system software. It is used by the user to perform a task and installed according
to the user's requirements.
System Software The software that provides the interface between application software and the
system. Typically used for operation computer hardware and is installed when
the operation system is installed.
Firmware? Pre-installed software on a device that tells it how to work. Like that solitaire you
can't get rid of >:( Just kidding. More like the software that helps it boot up, keep
good temperature, run programs, etc.
Utility Software Used to support and maintain the computer itself. Backup software, Disk
Cleaners, Antivirus, etc.
What is BIOS? Basic Input Output System. A combination of low-level software and drivers that
function as the interface, intermediary, or layer between a computer's hardware
and its operating system. The first thing that boots up your computer.
What is a virtual machine? Allows you to run other operating systems in a closed environment on your
computer. Constrained by the hardware you're running it on.
What is a directory? Pretty sure it's literally just a fancy word for a folder.
What are file permissions? Who can access the file. Like puttin' a lock on ur special stuff.
cd ./ or pwd References current directory
cd ../ Navigates "up" one directory, to the parent directory
cd ~/ navigates to home directory
chmod changes your permissions. linux command
