BMS 300 Exam 1 (Colorado State University)
Dipole Moment The difference in charge between atoms in a water molecule
Water Molecules Interact With Each Other Through Hydrogen Bonds
_______
Why is water liquid at room temperature? Because the hydrogen bonds within it are constantly breaking and
reforming on different molecules (moving around)
Shell of Hydration The oxygen atoms in water will orient themselves towards positively
charged ions in water, the hydrogen atoms will orient themselves towards
negatively charged ions in water
Osmosis The movement of water through aquaporins
Aquaporins Water-Selective Channels
How do plants and trees move water upwards from the Water will move across a barrier if one side has more ions than the other.
ground? If aquaporins allow water to move but not ions, water will continuously
flow towards the other side and drain from the other, causing hydrostatic
pressure to form and water to move upwards.
Triglycerides -animal fats or vegetable oils
-Hydrophobic, water insoluble
Ester Bond Happens when a fatty acid and a glycerol molecule bond
Are Phospholipids Amphipathic? Yes. They have hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions
Micelle A sphere of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails on the inside and
hydrophilic heads on the outside. If any water enters a micelle, it will
explode.
Liposome a sphere with a phospholipid bilayer. Hydrophobic tails face towards each
other inside the outer layer of hydrophilic heads. This is a more stable
structure as water entering it will not destroy it.
, BMS 300 Exam 1 (Colorado State University)
How do proteins move in and out of cells? Through hydrophilic protein channels
What are the components of an amino acid? -Amino Group
-Carboxcylic Acid
-Distinguishing R-group
What kind of bond forms within amino acids? Peptide Bonds
What are the two ends of an amino acid? Aminoterminus and Carboxyterminus
What is Primary Protein Structure and what kind of Amino Acid Chains, Peptide Bonds
bond is associated with it?
What is Secondary Protein Structure and what kind of Alpha Helix and Beta Pleated Sheets, Hydrogen Bonds
bond is associated with it?
What does the "i+4" rule refer to? The positively charged part of the amine hydrogen interacts with the
negatively charged carbonyl oxygen *five up the line* in alpha helix
structure (through hydrogen bonding)
How do proteins form three dimensional shapes? Hydrophobic regions stretch inwards and hydrophilic regions stretch
outwards
Binding Pockets Formed when proteins form tertiary protein structures; R-groups form a
confined region of 3D shape
Chromosomes The structure that DNA is organized into in eukaryotes
Histomes Structure that DNA wraps around and around in order to form
chromosomes and fit inside the nucleus
Octomer The cubical formation that histomes form
Endoplasmic Reticulum an intracellular bag with ribosomes attached, even with the nuclear
membrane
perinuclear space the empty space between the ER membrane and the nuclear membrane
What type of proteins do free ribosomes produce? cytoplasmic proteins (stay within the cell and perform their function
within the cytoplasm)
Dipole Moment The difference in charge between atoms in a water molecule
Water Molecules Interact With Each Other Through Hydrogen Bonds
_______
Why is water liquid at room temperature? Because the hydrogen bonds within it are constantly breaking and
reforming on different molecules (moving around)
Shell of Hydration The oxygen atoms in water will orient themselves towards positively
charged ions in water, the hydrogen atoms will orient themselves towards
negatively charged ions in water
Osmosis The movement of water through aquaporins
Aquaporins Water-Selective Channels
How do plants and trees move water upwards from the Water will move across a barrier if one side has more ions than the other.
ground? If aquaporins allow water to move but not ions, water will continuously
flow towards the other side and drain from the other, causing hydrostatic
pressure to form and water to move upwards.
Triglycerides -animal fats or vegetable oils
-Hydrophobic, water insoluble
Ester Bond Happens when a fatty acid and a glycerol molecule bond
Are Phospholipids Amphipathic? Yes. They have hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions
Micelle A sphere of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails on the inside and
hydrophilic heads on the outside. If any water enters a micelle, it will
explode.
Liposome a sphere with a phospholipid bilayer. Hydrophobic tails face towards each
other inside the outer layer of hydrophilic heads. This is a more stable
structure as water entering it will not destroy it.
, BMS 300 Exam 1 (Colorado State University)
How do proteins move in and out of cells? Through hydrophilic protein channels
What are the components of an amino acid? -Amino Group
-Carboxcylic Acid
-Distinguishing R-group
What kind of bond forms within amino acids? Peptide Bonds
What are the two ends of an amino acid? Aminoterminus and Carboxyterminus
What is Primary Protein Structure and what kind of Amino Acid Chains, Peptide Bonds
bond is associated with it?
What is Secondary Protein Structure and what kind of Alpha Helix and Beta Pleated Sheets, Hydrogen Bonds
bond is associated with it?
What does the "i+4" rule refer to? The positively charged part of the amine hydrogen interacts with the
negatively charged carbonyl oxygen *five up the line* in alpha helix
structure (through hydrogen bonding)
How do proteins form three dimensional shapes? Hydrophobic regions stretch inwards and hydrophilic regions stretch
outwards
Binding Pockets Formed when proteins form tertiary protein structures; R-groups form a
confined region of 3D shape
Chromosomes The structure that DNA is organized into in eukaryotes
Histomes Structure that DNA wraps around and around in order to form
chromosomes and fit inside the nucleus
Octomer The cubical formation that histomes form
Endoplasmic Reticulum an intracellular bag with ribosomes attached, even with the nuclear
membrane
perinuclear space the empty space between the ER membrane and the nuclear membrane
What type of proteins do free ribosomes produce? cytoplasmic proteins (stay within the cell and perform their function
within the cytoplasm)
