APHY 101 IVY TECH MIDTERM REVIEW
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANS-anatomy is study of body
structure and physiology is study of how those structures work
What are the levels of organization and define each - ANS-organelle: cell structure that carries
out special function in the cell
cell: basic unit of structure & function in a living thing
tissue: a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job
organ: a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
organ system: group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
organism: a living thing made of a group of organ systems
What are the characteristics of life and define each - ANS-Responsiveness to the environment,
growth and change, ability to reproduce, have a metabolism and breathe, maintain
homeostasis, being made of cells, passing traits to offspring
what are the requirements of life? why is each important? - ANS-water: needed to transport
substances to regulate the body
food: needed to supply energy and for regulation
oxygen: needed to help release energy from food substances
heat: needed to regulate the rate of metabolic processes
pressure: needed for breathing and circulation
Define homeostasis - ANS-Maintaining a stable internal environment
what is a homeostatic mechanism - ANS-tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions in
the environment
Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter? - ANS-matter: any substance
that has mass and takes up space
atom: smallest unit of ordinary matter
basic unit of matter: atoms
what is the structure of an atom - ANS-protons, neutrons, electrons
define nucleus, proton, neutron, and electron. What charges do each of these particles have? -
ANS-nucleus: central core of an atom, positive
proton: stable subatomic particle, positive
neutron: subatomic particle, no charge
electron: stable subatomic particle, negative
, what are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds and what are the differences between the three? -
ANS-covalent: 2 atoms shared 1 or more molecules
hydrogen: weak bond between 2 opposite positively charged sides of 2 or more molecules
ionic bond: atom gives away one or more electrons to another atom
Define synthesis - ANS-the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler
materials.
Define decomposition - ANS-the process of breaking down deliverables and project work into
smaller more manageable components.
Define exchange reaction - ANS-parts of molecules trade places
What is a reactant? - ANS-a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a
reaction.
What is a product? - ANS-The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
What is a catalyst? - ANS-substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
what happens / what is produced when salts dissolve in water? - ANS-water molecules pull
sodium and chloride apart, breaking the ionic bond - a homogeneous system is produced
what is an acid? - ANS-An acid is a source of hydrogen ions, H⁺
What is a base? - ANS-proton acceptor
What is the pH scale? - ANS-measures how acidic or basic a substance is
what ions are involved in the ph scale - ANS-hydrogen and hydroxide ions
what is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule - ANS-Organic
molecules have carbon-hydrogen bonds. Inorganic molecules do not contain carbon-hydrogen
bonds.
What is dehydration synthesis? - ANS-the process of joining two molecules, or compounds,
together following the removal of water
What is hydrolysis? - ANS-the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
What are carbohydrates? - ANS-sugars and starches
What are lipids? - ANS-fats
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ANS-anatomy is study of body
structure and physiology is study of how those structures work
What are the levels of organization and define each - ANS-organelle: cell structure that carries
out special function in the cell
cell: basic unit of structure & function in a living thing
tissue: a group of similar cells that are organized to do a specific job
organ: a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
organ system: group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
organism: a living thing made of a group of organ systems
What are the characteristics of life and define each - ANS-Responsiveness to the environment,
growth and change, ability to reproduce, have a metabolism and breathe, maintain
homeostasis, being made of cells, passing traits to offspring
what are the requirements of life? why is each important? - ANS-water: needed to transport
substances to regulate the body
food: needed to supply energy and for regulation
oxygen: needed to help release energy from food substances
heat: needed to regulate the rate of metabolic processes
pressure: needed for breathing and circulation
Define homeostasis - ANS-Maintaining a stable internal environment
what is a homeostatic mechanism - ANS-tendency to maintain relatively constant conditions in
the environment
Define matter, element and atom. What is the basic unit of matter? - ANS-matter: any substance
that has mass and takes up space
atom: smallest unit of ordinary matter
basic unit of matter: atoms
what is the structure of an atom - ANS-protons, neutrons, electrons
define nucleus, proton, neutron, and electron. What charges do each of these particles have? -
ANS-nucleus: central core of an atom, positive
proton: stable subatomic particle, positive
neutron: subatomic particle, no charge
electron: stable subatomic particle, negative
, what are covalent, ionic and hydrogen bonds and what are the differences between the three? -
ANS-covalent: 2 atoms shared 1 or more molecules
hydrogen: weak bond between 2 opposite positively charged sides of 2 or more molecules
ionic bond: atom gives away one or more electrons to another atom
Define synthesis - ANS-the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler
materials.
Define decomposition - ANS-the process of breaking down deliverables and project work into
smaller more manageable components.
Define exchange reaction - ANS-parts of molecules trade places
What is a reactant? - ANS-a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a
reaction.
What is a product? - ANS-The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
What is a catalyst? - ANS-substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
what happens / what is produced when salts dissolve in water? - ANS-water molecules pull
sodium and chloride apart, breaking the ionic bond - a homogeneous system is produced
what is an acid? - ANS-An acid is a source of hydrogen ions, H⁺
What is a base? - ANS-proton acceptor
What is the pH scale? - ANS-measures how acidic or basic a substance is
what ions are involved in the ph scale - ANS-hydrogen and hydroxide ions
what is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule - ANS-Organic
molecules have carbon-hydrogen bonds. Inorganic molecules do not contain carbon-hydrogen
bonds.
What is dehydration synthesis? - ANS-the process of joining two molecules, or compounds,
together following the removal of water
What is hydrolysis? - ANS-the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
What are carbohydrates? - ANS-sugars and starches
What are lipids? - ANS-fats
