PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING ACTUAL TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● What is the biggest shift in thinking in community health nursing?
Answer: From illness treatment to prevention and population health.
●● How is health defined in community health nursing?
Answer: Health includes physical, mental, emotional, social,
environmental, and spiritual well-being.
●● What are some social determinants of health?
Answer: Income, education, housing, access to food, transportation,
culture, family support, neighborhood safety, access to healthcare,
environment, employment, discrimination, and public policy.
●● What is primary prevention?
Answer: Prevention that occurs before disease or injury happens, aimed
at stopping the problem from occurring.
●● Give an example of primary prevention.
Answer: Immunizations, health education, or smoking prevention
programs.
,●● What is secondary prevention?
Answer: Focuses on early detection and treatment of disease before it
causes major damage.
●● Give an example of secondary prevention.
Answer: Blood pressure screenings or mammograms.
●● What is tertiary prevention?
Answer: Occurs after disease or injury has already happened, aimed at
preventing complications or worsening of the disease.
●● Give an example of tertiary prevention.
Answer: Cardiac rehab after a heart attack or teaching a patient with
diabetes how to prevent foot ulcers.
●● What is the focus of public health nursing?
Answer: Populations, with the goal of improving health outcomes for
groups.
●● What is the focus of community health nursing?
Answer: Health promotion and disease prevention for individuals,
families, groups, and communities.
,●● What distinguishes community-based nursing from community
health nursing?
Answer: Community-based nursing is more individual-focused,
providing care outside the hospital.
●● What are some examples of community-based nursing?
Answer: Home health wound care, hospice care, or outpatient clinic
care.
●● What historical factors contributed to the evolution of public health?
Answer: Sanitation, clean water, vaccines, safer living conditions, and
public health actions.
●● What are the major causes of death historically?
Answer: Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and smallpox.
●● What has caused a decrease in death rates from infectious diseases?
Answer: Improvements in clean water, sanitation, nutrition, and public
health surveillance.
●● What is the epidemiologic transition?
Answer: The shift from high rates of infectious diseases to high rates of
chronic diseases as societies evolve.
, ●● What are some modern risk factors for chronic diseases?
Answer: Smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and
environmental exposures.
●● What are some important public health achievements?
Answer: Immunizations, control of infectious diseases, and safer food
and water.
●● Why is history important in community health nursing?
Answer: It shows that health problems are often solved by changing the
environment and preventing disease, not just treating sick people.
●● What is a key phrase associated with public health nursing?
Answer: Population-focused.
●● What is a key phrase associated with community health nursing?
Answer: Care in the community with attention to community needs.
●● What is a key phrase associated with community-based nursing?
Answer: Individual and family care outside the hospital.
●● What is the main idea of thinking upstream in health care?
PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● What is the biggest shift in thinking in community health nursing?
Answer: From illness treatment to prevention and population health.
●● How is health defined in community health nursing?
Answer: Health includes physical, mental, emotional, social,
environmental, and spiritual well-being.
●● What are some social determinants of health?
Answer: Income, education, housing, access to food, transportation,
culture, family support, neighborhood safety, access to healthcare,
environment, employment, discrimination, and public policy.
●● What is primary prevention?
Answer: Prevention that occurs before disease or injury happens, aimed
at stopping the problem from occurring.
●● Give an example of primary prevention.
Answer: Immunizations, health education, or smoking prevention
programs.
,●● What is secondary prevention?
Answer: Focuses on early detection and treatment of disease before it
causes major damage.
●● Give an example of secondary prevention.
Answer: Blood pressure screenings or mammograms.
●● What is tertiary prevention?
Answer: Occurs after disease or injury has already happened, aimed at
preventing complications or worsening of the disease.
●● Give an example of tertiary prevention.
Answer: Cardiac rehab after a heart attack or teaching a patient with
diabetes how to prevent foot ulcers.
●● What is the focus of public health nursing?
Answer: Populations, with the goal of improving health outcomes for
groups.
●● What is the focus of community health nursing?
Answer: Health promotion and disease prevention for individuals,
families, groups, and communities.
,●● What distinguishes community-based nursing from community
health nursing?
Answer: Community-based nursing is more individual-focused,
providing care outside the hospital.
●● What are some examples of community-based nursing?
Answer: Home health wound care, hospice care, or outpatient clinic
care.
●● What historical factors contributed to the evolution of public health?
Answer: Sanitation, clean water, vaccines, safer living conditions, and
public health actions.
●● What are the major causes of death historically?
Answer: Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and smallpox.
●● What has caused a decrease in death rates from infectious diseases?
Answer: Improvements in clean water, sanitation, nutrition, and public
health surveillance.
●● What is the epidemiologic transition?
Answer: The shift from high rates of infectious diseases to high rates of
chronic diseases as societies evolve.
, ●● What are some modern risk factors for chronic diseases?
Answer: Smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, and
environmental exposures.
●● What are some important public health achievements?
Answer: Immunizations, control of infectious diseases, and safer food
and water.
●● Why is history important in community health nursing?
Answer: It shows that health problems are often solved by changing the
environment and preventing disease, not just treating sick people.
●● What is a key phrase associated with public health nursing?
Answer: Population-focused.
●● What is a key phrase associated with community health nursing?
Answer: Care in the community with attention to community needs.
●● What is a key phrase associated with community-based nursing?
Answer: Individual and family care outside the hospital.
●● What is the main idea of thinking upstream in health care?
