JR 101 Final [2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Question and Answer | 100% Verified
Answers
• T/F: the patella serves as a fulcrum for the quadriceps muscles and provides a
mechanical advantage to help the quadriceps function more efficiently -✓✓ True
• When referring to bone anatomy of the knee, how many bones comprise the knee? -
✓✓ 4
• the hamstring muscle group includes: -✓✓ biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimebranosus
• the knee joint is a modified hinge joint that is also a (blank) joint -✓✓ synovial
• T/F: the posterior cruciate ligament is extracapsular -✓✓ False
• avascular necrosis means: -✓✓ death of bone related to lack of blood flow
• the medial femoral condyle is (blank) and (blank) curved than the lateral condyle -✓✓
larger, more
• when we discuss "bone changes in forma and function due to mechanical stresses
and the force of muscular tension placed on it" we are discussing? -✓✓ Wolff's law
• the ligaments of the knee can be divided into 2 groups -✓✓ extracapsular/intraarticular
• a tough band of fibrous tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of
withstanding tension is known as: -✓✓ tendon
• how many articulations exist within the knee joint? -✓✓ 3
• the flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to
slide against one another is called: -✓✓ cartilage
• t/f: the primary function of the hamstring muscle group is to flex the knee -✓✓ true
• t/F: the primary function of the quadricep is to flex the knee -✓✓ false
• the main function of cortical bone is to provide: -✓✓ strength
• the medial collateral ligament is responsible for: -✓✓ restraint to the valgus
,• the largest joint in the human body is: -✓✓ the knee
• if a patient is laying face up on an operating table: -✓✓ supine
• if you are standing, and take your index finger and slide it down your thigh until it
contacts the patella, the portion of the patella that you first contact is the: -✓✓ base
• the main blood supply to the lower leg is the: -✓✓ popliteal
• the lateral collateral ligament is responsible for: -✓✓ restraint to varus
• anatomical position denotes the patient standing with: -✓✓ arms extended at the
sides/palms facing forward/ toes slightly downward
• the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones is: -✓✓ ligaments
• the soft type of bone exists in the epiphysis regions of long bones -✓✓ cancellous
bone
• t/f: the point of origin of a muscle is a location where the muscle can move -✓✓ false
• if a surgeon commented that a particular femoral condyle was "hypertrophic" the
condyle has: -✓✓ increased in size
• the anterior cruciate ligament is responsible for: -✓✓ restraint to anterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
• the posterior cruciate ligament is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to posterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
• t/F: the two points of attachment for the medial collateral ligament are the distal medial
femoral condyle and the proximal fibular head -✓✓ false
• with respect to the degrees of freedom of motion in the knee: how many are there? -
✓✓ 6
• the arcs of flexion in the knee are: -✓✓ deep flexion, functional, screw home
• the mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line
from: -✓✓ the center of the femoral head to the center of the ankle joint
, • when we refer to the "functional axes" of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? -✓✓ the TEA of the femur combined with the
longitudinal axis of the tibia
• the flexion-extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? -✓✓ MCL and LCL
• the "anatomical" or "clinical" TEA of the knee is an imaginary line that connects: -✓✓
the most prominent parts of the medial and lateral epicondyles
• the "surgical" TEA is an imaginary line that connects: -✓✓ the medial epicondylar
sulcus with the prominence of the lateral epicondyle
• which distal femoral condyle in the knee joint has a sulcus -✓✓ medial
• Whiteside's Line is: -✓✓ perpendicular to the surgical TEA
• Whitesides line is also known as -✓✓ The trochlear A/P axis
• Where is Whitesides line drawn from? -✓✓ a line drawn from the deepest part of the
trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch
• t/f: the normal human knee (not operated on) has a medial pivot -✓✓ true
• during the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate with
reference to the femur as the knee extends -✓✓ false
• t/f: since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves through
the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active motion" -✓✓
false
• as the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by
ligaments as well as muscles. this motion is categorized as being -✓✓ active
• t/f: as the knee flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and the tibia
is lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia -✓✓ true
• if one views the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the
functional flexion axis (TEA) the condylar appear (blank) from 10 degrees to 120
degrees -✓✓ circular
• is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive -✓✓ passive
Exam Question and Answer | 100% Verified
Answers
• T/F: the patella serves as a fulcrum for the quadriceps muscles and provides a
mechanical advantage to help the quadriceps function more efficiently -✓✓ True
• When referring to bone anatomy of the knee, how many bones comprise the knee? -
✓✓ 4
• the hamstring muscle group includes: -✓✓ biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimebranosus
• the knee joint is a modified hinge joint that is also a (blank) joint -✓✓ synovial
• T/F: the posterior cruciate ligament is extracapsular -✓✓ False
• avascular necrosis means: -✓✓ death of bone related to lack of blood flow
• the medial femoral condyle is (blank) and (blank) curved than the lateral condyle -✓✓
larger, more
• when we discuss "bone changes in forma and function due to mechanical stresses
and the force of muscular tension placed on it" we are discussing? -✓✓ Wolff's law
• the ligaments of the knee can be divided into 2 groups -✓✓ extracapsular/intraarticular
• a tough band of fibrous tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of
withstanding tension is known as: -✓✓ tendon
• how many articulations exist within the knee joint? -✓✓ 3
• the flexible connective tissue found on joint surfaces which allows joint surfaces to
slide against one another is called: -✓✓ cartilage
• t/f: the primary function of the hamstring muscle group is to flex the knee -✓✓ true
• t/F: the primary function of the quadricep is to flex the knee -✓✓ false
• the main function of cortical bone is to provide: -✓✓ strength
• the medial collateral ligament is responsible for: -✓✓ restraint to the valgus
,• the largest joint in the human body is: -✓✓ the knee
• if a patient is laying face up on an operating table: -✓✓ supine
• if you are standing, and take your index finger and slide it down your thigh until it
contacts the patella, the portion of the patella that you first contact is the: -✓✓ base
• the main blood supply to the lower leg is the: -✓✓ popliteal
• the lateral collateral ligament is responsible for: -✓✓ restraint to varus
• anatomical position denotes the patient standing with: -✓✓ arms extended at the
sides/palms facing forward/ toes slightly downward
• the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones is: -✓✓ ligaments
• the soft type of bone exists in the epiphysis regions of long bones -✓✓ cancellous
bone
• t/f: the point of origin of a muscle is a location where the muscle can move -✓✓ false
• if a surgeon commented that a particular femoral condyle was "hypertrophic" the
condyle has: -✓✓ increased in size
• the anterior cruciate ligament is responsible for: -✓✓ restraint to anterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
• the posterior cruciate ligament is responsible for -✓✓ restraint to posterior tibial
translation with respect to femur
• t/F: the two points of attachment for the medial collateral ligament are the distal medial
femoral condyle and the proximal fibular head -✓✓ false
• with respect to the degrees of freedom of motion in the knee: how many are there? -
✓✓ 6
• the arcs of flexion in the knee are: -✓✓ deep flexion, functional, screw home
• the mechanical axis of the lower extremity is determined by drawing a straight line
from: -✓✓ the center of the femoral head to the center of the ankle joint
, • when we refer to the "functional axes" of the knee, we reference the combination of
rotations around what two axes? -✓✓ the TEA of the femur combined with the
longitudinal axis of the tibia
• the flexion-extension axis closely corresponds to the insertion points of what two
ligamentous soft tissue structures in the knee joint? -✓✓ MCL and LCL
• the "anatomical" or "clinical" TEA of the knee is an imaginary line that connects: -✓✓
the most prominent parts of the medial and lateral epicondyles
• the "surgical" TEA is an imaginary line that connects: -✓✓ the medial epicondylar
sulcus with the prominence of the lateral epicondyle
• which distal femoral condyle in the knee joint has a sulcus -✓✓ medial
• Whiteside's Line is: -✓✓ perpendicular to the surgical TEA
• Whitesides line is also known as -✓✓ The trochlear A/P axis
• Where is Whitesides line drawn from? -✓✓ a line drawn from the deepest part of the
trochlear groove posteriorly to the center of the intercondylar notch
• t/f: the normal human knee (not operated on) has a medial pivot -✓✓ true
• during the screw home arc of motion in the knee, the tibia will internally rotate with
reference to the femur as the knee extends -✓✓ false
• t/f: since the knee joint requires little assistance from the muscles as it moves through
the screw home arc of motion, the resultant motion is described as "active motion" -✓✓
false
• as the knee joint moves throughout the functional arc, the motion is controlled by
ligaments as well as muscles. this motion is categorized as being -✓✓ active
• t/f: as the knee flexes throughout the functional arc of motion as we walk, and the tibia
is lifted off the ground, the femur externally rotates with reference to the tibia -✓✓ true
• if one views the posterior condyles of the knee in the sagittal plane through the
functional flexion axis (TEA) the condylar appear (blank) from 10 degrees to 120
degrees -✓✓ circular
• is the deep flexion arc of motion active or passive -✓✓ passive
