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NSG 3113 Patho for Nurses Exam 2EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR –
JUST RELEASED
NSG 3113 Patho for Nurses Exam 2
10-Line Exam Coverage in Points Form
1. Burns & Wound Healing – Burns classification (superficial partial-thickness, deep partial-
thickness, full-thickness) , Rule of Nines for TBSA calculation , infection source from hair
follicles , fluid and protein shift causing hypovolemic shock , hypermetabolism from
stress response and tissue repair , wound healing intentions , pressure ulcer staging .
2. Hematologic Disorders – Anemia types (iron deficiency, pernicious, aplastic, sickle cell) ,
Type O blood universal donor (lacks A and B antigens) , sickle cell vaso-occlusive crises ,
Von Willebrand disease (clotting factor deficiency) , polycythemia vera (increased blood
viscosity) , acute leukemia (immature leukocytes) .
3. Renal System – Kidney function assessment (GFR, urea, creatinine) , nephrotic syndrome
(proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia) , acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
(immune complex deposition) , pyelonephritis (kidney infection) , renal calculi formation
(salt supersaturation) , chronic kidney disease (gradual loss of filtration) , RAAS and
aldosterone/ADH function .
4. GI System – GERD (decreased LES closure) , peptic ulcer disease (H. pylori, NSAIDs) ,
celiac disease (gluten hypersensitivity, villi damage) , diverticulitis , peritonitis triad
(abdominal pain, rigidity, rebound tenderness) , cirrhosis and esophageal varices .
5. Hepatic System – Liver functions (bile production, albumin synthesis, metabolic
regulation) , jaundice (bilirubin excess from hemolysis or obstruction) , hepatitis types
(HAV transmitted via food/water, HBV via blood/body fluids) .
6. Skin Disorders – Erythema (vasodilation, increased blood flow) , urticaria (histamine
release, wheals) , psoriasis (accelerated skin cell turnover) , keloid vs hypertrophic scar ,
cellulitis (bacterial skin infection) , basal vs squamous cell carcinoma .
7. Respiratory & Cardiovascular – Pneumothorax (decreased breath sounds on affected
side) , pulmonary embolism (from DVT, lodges in pulmonary artery) , dissecting aortic
aneurysm (tear in intimal lining) , atherosclerosis risk factors .
8. Infectious Processes – Influenza viral mutation reducing immunity , sepsis leading to DIC
(disseminated intravascular coagulation) , UTI risk factors , appendicitis (abdominal
pain) .
9. Fluid & Electrolytes – Aldosterone (Na+ and H2O reabsorption) , ADH (water
reabsorption) , hyperkalemia from burn injury , nephrotic syndrome signs (edema,
oliguria) .
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10. Nursing Implications – Pressure ulcer prevention (repositioning) , burn infection
prevention (debridement) , GERD lifestyle modifications , pernicious anemia
management (intrinsic factor) .
100 MCQ Questions with Rationales
Question 1
A woman has burns on the anterior surfaces of her right arm, chest, and anterior surface of her
right leg. According to the Rule of Nines, the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA)
burned is approximately:
A) 13.5%
B) 18%
C) 22.5%
D) 31.5%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to the Rule of Nines, the right arm anterior surface = 4.5% (half of 9%),
chest anterior = 18% (half of 36%), right leg anterior = 9% (half of 18%). Total = 4.5 + 18 + 9 =
22.5%. This method is standard for estimating TBSA burned in adults .
Question 2
A typical source of infection in burn areas is:
A) Microbes surviving in the hair follicles in the burn area
B) Opportunistic virus in digestive tract
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C) Circulating blood bringing microbes to the burn wound
D) The skin grafts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hair follicles in the burn area can harbor microbes that survive the initial injury,
becoming a primary source of infection. Other sources like circulating blood or grafts are less
typical, as the wound is primarily colonized by resident flora in the skin's appendages .
Question 3
A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because:
A) Vasoconstriction occurs in the burn area
B) Fluid and protein shift out of the blood
C) The heart is damaged by toxic materials from the burn
D) Bleeding occurs under the burn surface
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Major burns cause capillary permeability, leading to a shift of fluid and protein from
the intravascular space into the interstitial tissue. This massive fluid loss results in hypovolemia,
decreased cardiac output, and hypotension .
Question 4
Hypermetabolism is common with major burns because of (select all that apply):
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A) Recurrent stress response
B) Demand for tissue repair
C) Blood loss
D) Increased heat loss from the burn wound
E) Inability to consume oral nutrition
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Hypermetabolism occurs due to stress response, tissue repair demands, and
increased heat loss from the wound . Blood loss and inability to consume oral nutrition are
contributing factors but not primary causes of the hypermetabolic state.
Question 5
The characteristic appearance of a full-thickness burn is:
A) Red with some swelling
B) Heavy bleeding
C) Painful with multiple blisters
D) Dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Full-thickness burns (third degree) destroy epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
tissue, appearing dry, firm, charred, or hard white. They are typically painless due to nerve
destruction .
NSG 3113 Patho for Nurses Exam 2EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR –
JUST RELEASED
NSG 3113 Patho for Nurses Exam 2
10-Line Exam Coverage in Points Form
1. Burns & Wound Healing – Burns classification (superficial partial-thickness, deep partial-
thickness, full-thickness) , Rule of Nines for TBSA calculation , infection source from hair
follicles , fluid and protein shift causing hypovolemic shock , hypermetabolism from
stress response and tissue repair , wound healing intentions , pressure ulcer staging .
2. Hematologic Disorders – Anemia types (iron deficiency, pernicious, aplastic, sickle cell) ,
Type O blood universal donor (lacks A and B antigens) , sickle cell vaso-occlusive crises ,
Von Willebrand disease (clotting factor deficiency) , polycythemia vera (increased blood
viscosity) , acute leukemia (immature leukocytes) .
3. Renal System – Kidney function assessment (GFR, urea, creatinine) , nephrotic syndrome
(proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia) , acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
(immune complex deposition) , pyelonephritis (kidney infection) , renal calculi formation
(salt supersaturation) , chronic kidney disease (gradual loss of filtration) , RAAS and
aldosterone/ADH function .
4. GI System – GERD (decreased LES closure) , peptic ulcer disease (H. pylori, NSAIDs) ,
celiac disease (gluten hypersensitivity, villi damage) , diverticulitis , peritonitis triad
(abdominal pain, rigidity, rebound tenderness) , cirrhosis and esophageal varices .
5. Hepatic System – Liver functions (bile production, albumin synthesis, metabolic
regulation) , jaundice (bilirubin excess from hemolysis or obstruction) , hepatitis types
(HAV transmitted via food/water, HBV via blood/body fluids) .
6. Skin Disorders – Erythema (vasodilation, increased blood flow) , urticaria (histamine
release, wheals) , psoriasis (accelerated skin cell turnover) , keloid vs hypertrophic scar ,
cellulitis (bacterial skin infection) , basal vs squamous cell carcinoma .
7. Respiratory & Cardiovascular – Pneumothorax (decreased breath sounds on affected
side) , pulmonary embolism (from DVT, lodges in pulmonary artery) , dissecting aortic
aneurysm (tear in intimal lining) , atherosclerosis risk factors .
8. Infectious Processes – Influenza viral mutation reducing immunity , sepsis leading to DIC
(disseminated intravascular coagulation) , UTI risk factors , appendicitis (abdominal
pain) .
9. Fluid & Electrolytes – Aldosterone (Na+ and H2O reabsorption) , ADH (water
reabsorption) , hyperkalemia from burn injury , nephrotic syndrome signs (edema,
oliguria) .
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10. Nursing Implications – Pressure ulcer prevention (repositioning) , burn infection
prevention (debridement) , GERD lifestyle modifications , pernicious anemia
management (intrinsic factor) .
100 MCQ Questions with Rationales
Question 1
A woman has burns on the anterior surfaces of her right arm, chest, and anterior surface of her
right leg. According to the Rule of Nines, the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA)
burned is approximately:
A) 13.5%
B) 18%
C) 22.5%
D) 31.5%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to the Rule of Nines, the right arm anterior surface = 4.5% (half of 9%),
chest anterior = 18% (half of 36%), right leg anterior = 9% (half of 18%). Total = 4.5 + 18 + 9 =
22.5%. This method is standard for estimating TBSA burned in adults .
Question 2
A typical source of infection in burn areas is:
A) Microbes surviving in the hair follicles in the burn area
B) Opportunistic virus in digestive tract
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C) Circulating blood bringing microbes to the burn wound
D) The skin grafts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hair follicles in the burn area can harbor microbes that survive the initial injury,
becoming a primary source of infection. Other sources like circulating blood or grafts are less
typical, as the wound is primarily colonized by resident flora in the skin's appendages .
Question 3
A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because:
A) Vasoconstriction occurs in the burn area
B) Fluid and protein shift out of the blood
C) The heart is damaged by toxic materials from the burn
D) Bleeding occurs under the burn surface
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Major burns cause capillary permeability, leading to a shift of fluid and protein from
the intravascular space into the interstitial tissue. This massive fluid loss results in hypovolemia,
decreased cardiac output, and hypotension .
Question 4
Hypermetabolism is common with major burns because of (select all that apply):
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A) Recurrent stress response
B) Demand for tissue repair
C) Blood loss
D) Increased heat loss from the burn wound
E) Inability to consume oral nutrition
Correct Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Hypermetabolism occurs due to stress response, tissue repair demands, and
increased heat loss from the wound . Blood loss and inability to consume oral nutrition are
contributing factors but not primary causes of the hypermetabolic state.
Question 5
The characteristic appearance of a full-thickness burn is:
A) Red with some swelling
B) Heavy bleeding
C) Painful with multiple blisters
D) Dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Full-thickness burns (third degree) destroy epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
tissue, appearing dry, firm, charred, or hard white. They are typically painless due to nerve
destruction .
