ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL - EXAMINATION
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR JUST RELEASED
Question 1: What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes?
a. Suppression of B-cell responses and enhancement of T-cell
responses
b. Suppression of T-cell responses and enhancement of B-cell
responses
c. Suppression of B- and T-cell responses
d. Enhancement of B- and T-cell responses
Answer:
Suppression of B- and T-cell responses
Question 2: The action of which hormone helps explain increases
in affective anxiety and eating disorders, mood cycles, and
vulnerability to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in women
as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central
norepinephrine system?
a. Progesterone
b. Cortisol
c. Estrogen
d. Prolactin
Answer:
Estrogen
,Question 3: Which statement is true concerning the differences
between stress-induced hormonal alterations of men and women?
a. After injury, women produce more proinflammatory cytokines than
men, a profile that is associated with poor outcomes.
b. Androgens appear to induce a greater degree of immune cell
apoptosis after injury, creating greater immunosuppression in injured
men than in injured women.
c. Psychologic stress associated with some types of competition
decreases both testosterone and cortisol, especially in athletes older
than 45 years of age.
d. After stressful stimuli, estrogen is increased in women, but
testosterone is decreased in men.
Answer:
Androgens appear to induce a greater degree of immune cell apoptosis after
injury, creating greater immunosuppression in injured men than in injured women.
Question 4: A patient perceives living in a state of chronic stress.
What will diagnostic blood work ordered by the healthcare
professional likely demonstrate?
a. Decreased Th lymphocytes
b. Increased erythrocytes
c. Decreased Tc cells
d. Increased platelets
Answer:
Decreased Tc cells
Question 5: What are the signs that a patient is in the adaptive
stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
a. He or she begins to experience elevated heart and respiratory
rates.
, b. He or she finds it difficult to concentrate on a solution for the stress.
c. The patient perceives his or her only options are to run away or
fight back.
d. The patient has exceeded his or her ability to cope with the current
situation
Answer:
The patient perceives his or her only options are to run away or fight back.
Question 6: What is the most influential factor in whether a person
will experience a stress reaction?
a. General state of physical health
b. Spiritual belief system
c. Intellectual abilities
d. Ability to cope
Answer:
Ability to cope
Question 7: A reduction in an individual's number of natural killer
(NK) cells appears to correlate with an increased risk for the
development of what?
a. Depression
b. Type 1 diabetes
c. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
d. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
Answer:
Depression
Question 8: The effect epinephrine has on the immune system
during the stress response is to increase which cells? (Select all
, that apply.)
a. NK cells
b. Immunoglobulins
c. Cytokines
d. T cells
e. Th cells
Answer:
a. NK cells
Question 9: What is the first stage in the infectious process?
a. Invasion
b. Colonization
c. Spread
d. Multiplication
Answer:
Colonization
Question 10: Which type of microorganism reproduces on the
skin?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria and fungi
c. Protozoa and Rickettsiae
d. Mycoplasma
Answer:
Bacteria and fungi
Question 11: Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking,
engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR JUST RELEASED
Question 1: What effect do androgens have on lymphocytes?
a. Suppression of B-cell responses and enhancement of T-cell
responses
b. Suppression of T-cell responses and enhancement of B-cell
responses
c. Suppression of B- and T-cell responses
d. Enhancement of B- and T-cell responses
Answer:
Suppression of B- and T-cell responses
Question 2: The action of which hormone helps explain increases
in affective anxiety and eating disorders, mood cycles, and
vulnerability to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in women
as a result of stimulation of the CRH gene promoter and central
norepinephrine system?
a. Progesterone
b. Cortisol
c. Estrogen
d. Prolactin
Answer:
Estrogen
,Question 3: Which statement is true concerning the differences
between stress-induced hormonal alterations of men and women?
a. After injury, women produce more proinflammatory cytokines than
men, a profile that is associated with poor outcomes.
b. Androgens appear to induce a greater degree of immune cell
apoptosis after injury, creating greater immunosuppression in injured
men than in injured women.
c. Psychologic stress associated with some types of competition
decreases both testosterone and cortisol, especially in athletes older
than 45 years of age.
d. After stressful stimuli, estrogen is increased in women, but
testosterone is decreased in men.
Answer:
Androgens appear to induce a greater degree of immune cell apoptosis after
injury, creating greater immunosuppression in injured men than in injured women.
Question 4: A patient perceives living in a state of chronic stress.
What will diagnostic blood work ordered by the healthcare
professional likely demonstrate?
a. Decreased Th lymphocytes
b. Increased erythrocytes
c. Decreased Tc cells
d. Increased platelets
Answer:
Decreased Tc cells
Question 5: What are the signs that a patient is in the adaptive
stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
a. He or she begins to experience elevated heart and respiratory
rates.
, b. He or she finds it difficult to concentrate on a solution for the stress.
c. The patient perceives his or her only options are to run away or
fight back.
d. The patient has exceeded his or her ability to cope with the current
situation
Answer:
The patient perceives his or her only options are to run away or fight back.
Question 6: What is the most influential factor in whether a person
will experience a stress reaction?
a. General state of physical health
b. Spiritual belief system
c. Intellectual abilities
d. Ability to cope
Answer:
Ability to cope
Question 7: A reduction in an individual's number of natural killer
(NK) cells appears to correlate with an increased risk for the
development of what?
a. Depression
b. Type 1 diabetes
c. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
d. Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
Answer:
Depression
Question 8: The effect epinephrine has on the immune system
during the stress response is to increase which cells? (Select all
, that apply.)
a. NK cells
b. Immunoglobulins
c. Cytokines
d. T cells
e. Th cells
Answer:
a. NK cells
Question 9: What is the first stage in the infectious process?
a. Invasion
b. Colonization
c. Spread
d. Multiplication
Answer:
Colonization
Question 10: Which type of microorganism reproduces on the
skin?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria and fungi
c. Protozoa and Rickettsiae
d. Mycoplasma
Answer:
Bacteria and fungi
Question 11: Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking,
engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms?
