COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE EXAM ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Cognitive Neuroscience EXAM TEST BANK FOR
THE Biology OF THE MIND Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026/2027
Question:
©what did Rene Descartes say about the brain and conscious mind.
Answer:
he believed that the body (including the brain) had material properties and worked like a machine,
whereas the mind was nonmaterial and thus did not follow the laws of nature (Newton laws of
physics) However, the mind could influence the body and through the passions, the body could
influence the mind Very big on the pineal gland known as dualism ©dualism. Answer: the
presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact, Rene Descartes he believed
that the body (including the brain) had material properties and worked like a machine, whereas the
mind was nonmaterial and thus did not follow the laws of nature (Newton laws of physics)
However, the mind could influence the body and through the passions, the body could influence the
mind Very big on the pineal gland known as dualism ©is cognitive neuroscience monism or
dualism. Answer: monoism, conscious mind is a product of the brain's physical activity and not
separate from it ©What is Thomas Willis say. Answer: he was ahead of the curve he foreshadowed
cognitive neuroscience with the notion that isolated brain damage could affect behavior biology
affects psychology ©what did Franz gall do. Answer: Believed that innate faculties are localized in
specific regions of the cerebral cortex. Brain was organized around 35 or more specific functions
(cognitive basics like language and color), ranging from cognitive basics to ephemeral capacities
like affection and moral sense, each supported by specific brain regions is someone used their
faculties with greater frequency than others, that part of the brain representing the function would
grow: which is basic phrenology ©Believed that innate faculties are localized in specific regions of
the cerebral cortex. Brain was organized around 35 or more specific functions (cognitive basics like
language and color), ranging from cognitive basics to ephemeral capacities like affection and moral
sense, each supported by specific brain regions. Answer: Franz gall ©what did Marie-jean Pierre
florins do. Answer: showed that certain parts of the brain were responsible for certain function
destroyed the brains of pigeon and rabbit to observe what happened invented aggregate field theory,
which is saying that all individual mental functions are performed by the brain as a whole, not by
discrete parts ©aggregate field theory. Answer: invented aggregate field theory, which is saying that
all individual mental functions are performed by the brain as a whole, not by discrete parts; by
Fluorenes ©what did marc dx do. Answer: noticed that three patients with similar left-hemisphere
lesions all had similar speech disturbances ©what did john highlines Jackson do. Answer: published
observations on the behavior of people with brain injury in seizure, patients moved in characteristic
ways, in jerks. led him to propose topographic organization in the cerebral cortex map of the body
,was represented across a particular cortical area, where one part was the foot, the lower leglet also
touched upon brain plasticity a little bit (stroke patients didn't lose all function) ©What did Paul
Broca do? Answer: correlated pathology with specific brain regions, such as speech production from
Broca's area ©what did carl Wernicke do. Answer: he discovered a second "language center" in
brain though to control language understanding Brain region now known as Wernicke's Area;
disrupts language understanding Located in the superior posterior region of the temporal lobe
Neuropsychologists established connections between lesions in particular brain regions and loss of
specific motor control or sensory reception; began to "map it out" ©what did carbonian Brodman
do. Answer: analyzed cellular organization of the cortex and characterized 52 distinct regions used
tissue stains to visualize different cell types in different brain regions ©cytoarchitectonics. Answer:
the way in which cells differ between brain regions also known as cell architecture ©what did
Camillo Golgi do. Answer: developed the Golgi stain; la rezone near, which impregnated individual
neurons with silver chromate. allowed for visualization of individual neurons in their entirety ©what
did Santiago Ramon y Cajal do. Answer: demonstrated that individual cells comprising the nervous
system remained separate, discrete entities Golgi believed that the whole brain was a continuous
syncytium ©who came up with the neuron doctrine and what did it say. Answer: nervous system is
composed of individual cells transmission of electrical information went in only one direction from
dendrites down to the axonal tip Cajal ©how did the theory of localization evolve in the 20th
century. Answer: localizationist views were mediated by those who saw that, even though particular
neuronal locations might serve independent functions, the network of these locations and the
interactions between them are what yield the integrated holistic behavior that humans exhibit
knowledge of the parts (neurons and brains structures) must be understood in conjunction with the
whole ©rationalism. Answer: A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason
and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response ©empiricism. Answer: the view
that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and
experimentation ©rationalism vs empiricism. Answer: Rationalism stresses using reason to arrive at
truth, while empiricism stresses using observation to arrive at truth. ©associationism. Answer: the
theory that our understanding of the world occurs through ideas associated with similar sensory
experiences and perceptions aggregate of experiences determines a course of mental development
©what did Thorndike do. Answer: used a fish reward to entice cats to find their way out of a puzzle
box through a series of maneuvers "Rewards provided a mechanism for establishing a more adaptive
response associationism ©who popularized behaviorism. Answer: John B. Watson psychology
could be objective only if it were based on observable behavior. rejected Ebbinghaus methods and
declared that all talk of mental processes (can't be observed) should be avoided learning is key; brain
is a blank slate on which to build through learning and experience ©Montreal procedure. Answer:
Herbert jasper, Penfield; treated epilepsy by surgically destroying the neurons in the brain that
produced the seizures to determine what cells to destroy, he stimulated various parts of the brain
with electrical probes and observed the results on the patients confirming topographic predictions
©founder of neuropsychology. Answer: Brenda Milner first to provide anatomical and physiological
proof of multiple memory systems, including episodic, procedural, etc. ©Interdependent
connections of cognitive neuroscience (5). Answer: Linkage
, Question:
1. Behaviors to cognitive function
Answer:
Question:
2. Cognitive functions to brain regions
Answer:
Question:
3. Brain regions to one another
Answer:
Question:
4. Cognitive functions to one another
Answer:
Question:
5. Behaviors to one another ©what are the two features of the deductive nomological model.
Answer:
1. explanatory account that involves a law of nature (empirically confirmed regularities, like
Newtonian laws) and initial conditions (particular circumstances in which the phenomenon occurs)
ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Cognitive Neuroscience EXAM TEST BANK FOR
THE Biology OF THE MIND Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update 2026/2027
Question:
©what did Rene Descartes say about the brain and conscious mind.
Answer:
he believed that the body (including the brain) had material properties and worked like a machine,
whereas the mind was nonmaterial and thus did not follow the laws of nature (Newton laws of
physics) However, the mind could influence the body and through the passions, the body could
influence the mind Very big on the pineal gland known as dualism ©dualism. Answer: the
presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact, Rene Descartes he believed
that the body (including the brain) had material properties and worked like a machine, whereas the
mind was nonmaterial and thus did not follow the laws of nature (Newton laws of physics)
However, the mind could influence the body and through the passions, the body could influence the
mind Very big on the pineal gland known as dualism ©is cognitive neuroscience monism or
dualism. Answer: monoism, conscious mind is a product of the brain's physical activity and not
separate from it ©What is Thomas Willis say. Answer: he was ahead of the curve he foreshadowed
cognitive neuroscience with the notion that isolated brain damage could affect behavior biology
affects psychology ©what did Franz gall do. Answer: Believed that innate faculties are localized in
specific regions of the cerebral cortex. Brain was organized around 35 or more specific functions
(cognitive basics like language and color), ranging from cognitive basics to ephemeral capacities
like affection and moral sense, each supported by specific brain regions is someone used their
faculties with greater frequency than others, that part of the brain representing the function would
grow: which is basic phrenology ©Believed that innate faculties are localized in specific regions of
the cerebral cortex. Brain was organized around 35 or more specific functions (cognitive basics like
language and color), ranging from cognitive basics to ephemeral capacities like affection and moral
sense, each supported by specific brain regions. Answer: Franz gall ©what did Marie-jean Pierre
florins do. Answer: showed that certain parts of the brain were responsible for certain function
destroyed the brains of pigeon and rabbit to observe what happened invented aggregate field theory,
which is saying that all individual mental functions are performed by the brain as a whole, not by
discrete parts ©aggregate field theory. Answer: invented aggregate field theory, which is saying that
all individual mental functions are performed by the brain as a whole, not by discrete parts; by
Fluorenes ©what did marc dx do. Answer: noticed that three patients with similar left-hemisphere
lesions all had similar speech disturbances ©what did john highlines Jackson do. Answer: published
observations on the behavior of people with brain injury in seizure, patients moved in characteristic
ways, in jerks. led him to propose topographic organization in the cerebral cortex map of the body
,was represented across a particular cortical area, where one part was the foot, the lower leglet also
touched upon brain plasticity a little bit (stroke patients didn't lose all function) ©What did Paul
Broca do? Answer: correlated pathology with specific brain regions, such as speech production from
Broca's area ©what did carl Wernicke do. Answer: he discovered a second "language center" in
brain though to control language understanding Brain region now known as Wernicke's Area;
disrupts language understanding Located in the superior posterior region of the temporal lobe
Neuropsychologists established connections between lesions in particular brain regions and loss of
specific motor control or sensory reception; began to "map it out" ©what did carbonian Brodman
do. Answer: analyzed cellular organization of the cortex and characterized 52 distinct regions used
tissue stains to visualize different cell types in different brain regions ©cytoarchitectonics. Answer:
the way in which cells differ between brain regions also known as cell architecture ©what did
Camillo Golgi do. Answer: developed the Golgi stain; la rezone near, which impregnated individual
neurons with silver chromate. allowed for visualization of individual neurons in their entirety ©what
did Santiago Ramon y Cajal do. Answer: demonstrated that individual cells comprising the nervous
system remained separate, discrete entities Golgi believed that the whole brain was a continuous
syncytium ©who came up with the neuron doctrine and what did it say. Answer: nervous system is
composed of individual cells transmission of electrical information went in only one direction from
dendrites down to the axonal tip Cajal ©how did the theory of localization evolve in the 20th
century. Answer: localizationist views were mediated by those who saw that, even though particular
neuronal locations might serve independent functions, the network of these locations and the
interactions between them are what yield the integrated holistic behavior that humans exhibit
knowledge of the parts (neurons and brains structures) must be understood in conjunction with the
whole ©rationalism. Answer: A belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason
and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response ©empiricism. Answer: the view
that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and
experimentation ©rationalism vs empiricism. Answer: Rationalism stresses using reason to arrive at
truth, while empiricism stresses using observation to arrive at truth. ©associationism. Answer: the
theory that our understanding of the world occurs through ideas associated with similar sensory
experiences and perceptions aggregate of experiences determines a course of mental development
©what did Thorndike do. Answer: used a fish reward to entice cats to find their way out of a puzzle
box through a series of maneuvers "Rewards provided a mechanism for establishing a more adaptive
response associationism ©who popularized behaviorism. Answer: John B. Watson psychology
could be objective only if it were based on observable behavior. rejected Ebbinghaus methods and
declared that all talk of mental processes (can't be observed) should be avoided learning is key; brain
is a blank slate on which to build through learning and experience ©Montreal procedure. Answer:
Herbert jasper, Penfield; treated epilepsy by surgically destroying the neurons in the brain that
produced the seizures to determine what cells to destroy, he stimulated various parts of the brain
with electrical probes and observed the results on the patients confirming topographic predictions
©founder of neuropsychology. Answer: Brenda Milner first to provide anatomical and physiological
proof of multiple memory systems, including episodic, procedural, etc. ©Interdependent
connections of cognitive neuroscience (5). Answer: Linkage
, Question:
1. Behaviors to cognitive function
Answer:
Question:
2. Cognitive functions to brain regions
Answer:
Question:
3. Brain regions to one another
Answer:
Question:
4. Cognitive functions to one another
Answer:
Question:
5. Behaviors to one another ©what are the two features of the deductive nomological model.
Answer:
1. explanatory account that involves a law of nature (empirically confirmed regularities, like
Newtonian laws) and initial conditions (particular circumstances in which the phenomenon occurs)
