NUR 550 EXAM WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED PASS|| LATEST
UPDATE 2026
What is JVD associated with? - ANSWER-Right-sided HF, volume overload,
pulmonary hypertension, or increased right atrial pressure.
What happens to the PMI in cardiomegaly? - ANSWER-It may be displaced
laterally and/or inferiorly.
What does an S3 suggest in HF? - ANSWER-Volume overload and systolic
dysfunction.
What does an S4 suggest in cardiac disease? - ANSWER-Stiff ventricle from
pressure overload or hypertrophy.
Atrial fibrillation ECG finding? - ANSWER-Irregularly irregular rhythm with
no distinct P waves.
Common AFib symptoms? - ANSWER-Palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea,
dizziness, chest discomfort, or may be asymptomatic.
Why does AFib increase stroke risk? - ANSWER-Blood can pool in the atria,
especially the left atrial appendage, forming clots.
,General AFib management principles? - ANSWER-Rate control, rhythm
control when appropriate, and anticoagulation based on stroke risk.
Asthma pathophysiology? - ANSWER-Reversible inflammatory airway disease
with bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Classic asthma symptoms? - ANSWER-Episodic wheezing, shortness of breath,
chest tightness, and cough.
Asthma symptoms are often worse when? - ANSWER-At night or early
morning.
Common asthma triggers? - ANSWER-Smoke, allergens, viral infections,
exercise, cold air, occupational irritants.
Asthma associations? - ANSWER-Eczema, allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergies,
family history.
How is asthma diagnosed? - ANSWER-Spirometry showing reversible airflow
obstruction after bronchodilator.
What does bronchodilator reversibility suggest? - ANSWER-Asthma.
Chronic bronchitis definition? - ANSWER-Chronic productive cough for at
least 3 months in 2 consecutive years.
Chronic bronchitis primarily affects what structure? - ANSWER-Bronchi.
Chronic bronchitis symptoms? - ANSWER-Productive cough, dyspnea,
wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections.
, Major risk factor for chronic bronchitis? - ANSWER-Cigarette smoking.
Emphysema primarily affects what structure? - ANSWER-Alveoli.
Emphysema pathophysiology? - ANSWER-Destruction of alveolar walls with
permanent airspace enlargement, loss of elastic recoil, and air trapping.
Classic emphysema findings? - ANSWER-Progressive dyspnea, hyperinflation,
minimal sputum, barrel chest.
COPD includes which two classic phenotypes? - ANSWER-Chronic bronchitis
and emphysema.
COPD exacerbation cardinal symptoms? - ANSWER-Increased dyspnea,
increased sputum volume, increased sputum purulence.
General COPD exacerbation treatment? - ANSWER-SABA, short course
systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics when indicated, oxygen if hypoxic.
When are antibiotics considered in COPD exacerbation? - ANSWER-Increased
sputum purulence plus increased dyspnea or sputum volume, or severe
exacerbation.
Cystic fibrosis inheritance pattern? - ANSWER-Autosomal recessive.
Cystic fibrosis pathophysiology? - ANSWER-Defective chloride transport
causing thick, tenacious secretions.
AND ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED PASS|| LATEST
UPDATE 2026
What is JVD associated with? - ANSWER-Right-sided HF, volume overload,
pulmonary hypertension, or increased right atrial pressure.
What happens to the PMI in cardiomegaly? - ANSWER-It may be displaced
laterally and/or inferiorly.
What does an S3 suggest in HF? - ANSWER-Volume overload and systolic
dysfunction.
What does an S4 suggest in cardiac disease? - ANSWER-Stiff ventricle from
pressure overload or hypertrophy.
Atrial fibrillation ECG finding? - ANSWER-Irregularly irregular rhythm with
no distinct P waves.
Common AFib symptoms? - ANSWER-Palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea,
dizziness, chest discomfort, or may be asymptomatic.
Why does AFib increase stroke risk? - ANSWER-Blood can pool in the atria,
especially the left atrial appendage, forming clots.
,General AFib management principles? - ANSWER-Rate control, rhythm
control when appropriate, and anticoagulation based on stroke risk.
Asthma pathophysiology? - ANSWER-Reversible inflammatory airway disease
with bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Classic asthma symptoms? - ANSWER-Episodic wheezing, shortness of breath,
chest tightness, and cough.
Asthma symptoms are often worse when? - ANSWER-At night or early
morning.
Common asthma triggers? - ANSWER-Smoke, allergens, viral infections,
exercise, cold air, occupational irritants.
Asthma associations? - ANSWER-Eczema, allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergies,
family history.
How is asthma diagnosed? - ANSWER-Spirometry showing reversible airflow
obstruction after bronchodilator.
What does bronchodilator reversibility suggest? - ANSWER-Asthma.
Chronic bronchitis definition? - ANSWER-Chronic productive cough for at
least 3 months in 2 consecutive years.
Chronic bronchitis primarily affects what structure? - ANSWER-Bronchi.
Chronic bronchitis symptoms? - ANSWER-Productive cough, dyspnea,
wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections.
, Major risk factor for chronic bronchitis? - ANSWER-Cigarette smoking.
Emphysema primarily affects what structure? - ANSWER-Alveoli.
Emphysema pathophysiology? - ANSWER-Destruction of alveolar walls with
permanent airspace enlargement, loss of elastic recoil, and air trapping.
Classic emphysema findings? - ANSWER-Progressive dyspnea, hyperinflation,
minimal sputum, barrel chest.
COPD includes which two classic phenotypes? - ANSWER-Chronic bronchitis
and emphysema.
COPD exacerbation cardinal symptoms? - ANSWER-Increased dyspnea,
increased sputum volume, increased sputum purulence.
General COPD exacerbation treatment? - ANSWER-SABA, short course
systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics when indicated, oxygen if hypoxic.
When are antibiotics considered in COPD exacerbation? - ANSWER-Increased
sputum purulence plus increased dyspnea or sputum volume, or severe
exacerbation.
Cystic fibrosis inheritance pattern? - ANSWER-Autosomal recessive.
Cystic fibrosis pathophysiology? - ANSWER-Defective chloride transport
causing thick, tenacious secretions.
