N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
nurses on the cutting edge - (answer)promote improvement in patient outcomes
accomplish this through: research, EBP, and QI
nurses achieve personal growth through and expand clinical decision-making skills through... -
(answer)development of clinical questions
literature reviews
evaluation of evidence in literature
application of "best available evidence" in your practice
nurses as knowledgable consumers - (answer)nurses must be knowledgable consumers of research who
can evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of research evidence and use existing standards to
determine the merit and readiness of research for use in clinical practice
to use research for an EBP and to practice using the highest quality processes, you do not have to
conduct research; however, you do need to understand and appraise the steps of the research process in
order to read the research literature critically and use it to inform clinical decisions
research definition - (answer)a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and
evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge
quantitative and qualitative research
studies are guided by research questions
nurses employ the same methods used by other disciplines yet study questions are relevant to nursing
practice
quantitative vs. qualititative research - (answer)quantitative: encompasses the study of research
questions and/or hypotheses that describe phenomena, test relationships, assess differences, seek to
explain cause-and-effect relationships between variables, and test for intervention effectiveness--
numeric data are summarized and analyzed using statistics--techniques are systematic and methodology
is controlled
qualititative: question is about understanding the meaning of a human experience such as grief, hope, or
loss--meaning of an experience is based on the view that meaning varies and is subjective--context of
experience also plays a role--generally conducted in natural settings and uses data that are words or text
,N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
rather than numeric to describe the experiences being studied--guided by research questions and data
are collected from a small number of subjects, allowing an in-depth study of a phenomenon--subjective
approach but systematic in its method
QI definition - (answer)systematic use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and
improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of
health care systems
uses currently available knowledge to improve health care delivery within the local setting
QI elements - (answer)1. conducting an assessment
2. setting specific goals for improvement
3. identifying ideas for changing current practice
4. deciding how improvements in care are measured
5. rapidly testing practice changes
6. measuring improvements in care
7. adopting practice change as new standard of care
want to create measurable change across quality domains through application of these 7 steps, often
through the plan, do, study, act model
research vs. QI - (answer)research studies generate new knowledge that is generalizable to other
populations and settings
QI projects use currently available knowledge to improve health care delivery within the local setting
IRB should have a written policy and template for determining the difference between humans subjects
research and QI
research and EBP - (answer)best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values all come
together in EBP (see Venn diagram)
EBP allows one to systematically use the best available evidence from research with the integration of
individual clinical expertise as well as the patient's values and preferences to make clinical decisions
,N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
developing EBP expertise - (answer)conduct effective literature reviews
develop critical reading skill process
1. preliminary: skimming article abstracts, title
2. comprehensive: understanding the purpose of the study
3. analysis: examining the study components
4. synthesis: assessing the study's validity
levels of evidence - (answer)see pyramid
Level I: systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on
systematic reviews
Level II: well-designed RCT
Level III: controlled trial without randomization (quasi-experimental study)
Level IV: nonexperimental study (case-control, cohort studies)
Level V: systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies (metasynthesis)
Level VI: qualitative studies or descriptive studies
Level VII: opinion of experts and authorities, expert committee reports or organizations, not based on
research
EBP steps - (answer)ask
gather evidence
assess, appraise, synthesize literature
act
evaluate
research article format - (answer)abstract
intro or background section: literature review, theoretical framework, hypothesis and/or research
question, purpose statement
methods: research design, sampling, instruments, data collection, data analysis plan
, N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
results
discussion (ties everything together): recommendations and implications
references
research journal article - (answer)qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods
systematic review - (answer)summation and assessment of group of studies that test a similar research
question
meta-analysis - (answer)summary of a number of studies focused on one question or topic, and uses a
specific statistical methodology to synthesize the findings in order to draw conclusions about the area of
focus--systematic review that uses statistical techniques to summarize and assess studies
integrative review - (answer)focused review and synthesis of research or theoretical literature in a
particular focus area, and includes specific steps of literature integration and synthesis without statistical
analysis; can include both quantitative and qualitative articles (sometimes used interchangeably with
systematic review)
meta-synthesis/meta-summary - (answer)synthesis of a number of qualitative research studies on a
focused topic using specific qualitative methodology
clinical guidelines - (answer)evidence-based guidelines are those developed using research findings
consensus or expert-based guidelines are developed by expert panels
guidelines have been developed to assist in bridging practice and research
provide clinicians with an algorithm for clinical management, or decision making, for specific diseases
(e.g., colon cancer) or treatments (e.g., pain management)
NIH strategic plan - (answer)1. symptom science: promoting personalized health strategies
2. wellness: promoting health and preventing disease
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
nurses on the cutting edge - (answer)promote improvement in patient outcomes
accomplish this through: research, EBP, and QI
nurses achieve personal growth through and expand clinical decision-making skills through... -
(answer)development of clinical questions
literature reviews
evaluation of evidence in literature
application of "best available evidence" in your practice
nurses as knowledgable consumers - (answer)nurses must be knowledgable consumers of research who
can evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of research evidence and use existing standards to
determine the merit and readiness of research for use in clinical practice
to use research for an EBP and to practice using the highest quality processes, you do not have to
conduct research; however, you do need to understand and appraise the steps of the research process in
order to read the research literature critically and use it to inform clinical decisions
research definition - (answer)a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and
evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge
quantitative and qualitative research
studies are guided by research questions
nurses employ the same methods used by other disciplines yet study questions are relevant to nursing
practice
quantitative vs. qualititative research - (answer)quantitative: encompasses the study of research
questions and/or hypotheses that describe phenomena, test relationships, assess differences, seek to
explain cause-and-effect relationships between variables, and test for intervention effectiveness--
numeric data are summarized and analyzed using statistics--techniques are systematic and methodology
is controlled
qualititative: question is about understanding the meaning of a human experience such as grief, hope, or
loss--meaning of an experience is based on the view that meaning varies and is subjective--context of
experience also plays a role--generally conducted in natural settings and uses data that are words or text
,N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
rather than numeric to describe the experiences being studied--guided by research questions and data
are collected from a small number of subjects, allowing an in-depth study of a phenomenon--subjective
approach but systematic in its method
QI definition - (answer)systematic use of data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and
improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of
health care systems
uses currently available knowledge to improve health care delivery within the local setting
QI elements - (answer)1. conducting an assessment
2. setting specific goals for improvement
3. identifying ideas for changing current practice
4. deciding how improvements in care are measured
5. rapidly testing practice changes
6. measuring improvements in care
7. adopting practice change as new standard of care
want to create measurable change across quality domains through application of these 7 steps, often
through the plan, do, study, act model
research vs. QI - (answer)research studies generate new knowledge that is generalizable to other
populations and settings
QI projects use currently available knowledge to improve health care delivery within the local setting
IRB should have a written policy and template for determining the difference between humans subjects
research and QI
research and EBP - (answer)best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values all come
together in EBP (see Venn diagram)
EBP allows one to systematically use the best available evidence from research with the integration of
individual clinical expertise as well as the patient's values and preferences to make clinical decisions
,N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
developing EBP expertise - (answer)conduct effective literature reviews
develop critical reading skill process
1. preliminary: skimming article abstracts, title
2. comprehensive: understanding the purpose of the study
3. analysis: examining the study components
4. synthesis: assessing the study's validity
levels of evidence - (answer)see pyramid
Level I: systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on
systematic reviews
Level II: well-designed RCT
Level III: controlled trial without randomization (quasi-experimental study)
Level IV: nonexperimental study (case-control, cohort studies)
Level V: systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies (metasynthesis)
Level VI: qualitative studies or descriptive studies
Level VII: opinion of experts and authorities, expert committee reports or organizations, not based on
research
EBP steps - (answer)ask
gather evidence
assess, appraise, synthesize literature
act
evaluate
research article format - (answer)abstract
intro or background section: literature review, theoretical framework, hypothesis and/or research
question, purpose statement
methods: research design, sampling, instruments, data collection, data analysis plan
, N580 Midterm EXAM, || QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS ||
comprehensive questions and verified answers | GET IT RIGHT |2026!
results
discussion (ties everything together): recommendations and implications
references
research journal article - (answer)qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods
systematic review - (answer)summation and assessment of group of studies that test a similar research
question
meta-analysis - (answer)summary of a number of studies focused on one question or topic, and uses a
specific statistical methodology to synthesize the findings in order to draw conclusions about the area of
focus--systematic review that uses statistical techniques to summarize and assess studies
integrative review - (answer)focused review and synthesis of research or theoretical literature in a
particular focus area, and includes specific steps of literature integration and synthesis without statistical
analysis; can include both quantitative and qualitative articles (sometimes used interchangeably with
systematic review)
meta-synthesis/meta-summary - (answer)synthesis of a number of qualitative research studies on a
focused topic using specific qualitative methodology
clinical guidelines - (answer)evidence-based guidelines are those developed using research findings
consensus or expert-based guidelines are developed by expert panels
guidelines have been developed to assist in bridging practice and research
provide clinicians with an algorithm for clinical management, or decision making, for specific diseases
(e.g., colon cancer) or treatments (e.g., pain management)
NIH strategic plan - (answer)1. symptom science: promoting personalized health strategies
2. wellness: promoting health and preventing disease
