BIOD 152 Anatomy & Physiology II Exam 2 – Latest 2025–2026 Fully
Solved | CNS & PNS Review
1. Which cerebral lobe contains the primary motor cortex?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Frontal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: C. Frontal lobe
Rationale: The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
2. Which cerebral lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Frontal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: B. Parietal lobe
Rationale: The postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex.
3. Which cerebral lobe is most directly associated with primary visual processing?
A. Temporal lobe
B. Insula
C. Frontal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: D. Occipital lobe
Rationale: The primary visual cortex lies in the occipital lobe.
4. Which cerebral lobe contains the primary auditory cortex?
A. Parietal lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: D. Temporal lobe
Rationale: Primary auditory cortex is located in the superior temporal region.
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,5. The corpus callosum primarily connects:
A. The right and left cerebral hemispheres
B. The medulla to the pons
C. The pituitary to the hypothalamus
D. The cerebellum to the spinal cord
Answer: A. The right and left cerebral hemispheres
Rationale: The corpus callosum is the major commissural fiber tract linking the cerebral hemispheres.
6. The thalamus functions primarily as:
A. A relay and processing center for most sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex
B. The primary respiratory muscle controller only
C. The origin of all spinal nerves
D. The main producer of cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: A. A relay and processing center for most sensory information traveling to the cerebral
cortex
Rationale: Most sensory pathways synapse in the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex.
7. Which structure is central to regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and autonomic-
endocrine integration?
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Occipital cortex
C. Hypothalamus
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: C. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus integrates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses involved in
homeostasis.
8. The pituitary gland is anatomically and functionally linked most closely to the:
A. Hypothalamus
B. Cerebellum
C. Parietal lobe
D. Medulla oblongata
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates pituitary function through neural and hormonal connections.
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, 9. Which brainstem region is continuous with the spinal cord?
A. Midbrain
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Diencephalon
D. Pons
Answer: B. Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla is the most inferior part of the brainstem and transitions into the spinal cord.
10. Which brainstem structure acts as a bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla and
contributes to respiratory regulation?
A. Corpus callosum
B. Thalamus
C. Pons
D. Basal nuclei
Answer: C. Pons
Rationale: The pons contains relay nuclei and respiratory centers and connects multiple CNS regions.
11. The midbrain contains important centers for:
A. Visual and auditory reflexes
B. Gastric acid secretion
C. Urine formation
D. Blood cell production
Answer: A. Visual and auditory reflexes
Rationale: Midbrain structures such as the superior and inferior colliculi participate in visual and auditory
reflexes.
12. The cerebellum is most important for:
A. Production of CSF
B. Initiation of endocrine secretion from the thyroid
C. Primary language comprehension
D. Coordination of movement, balance, and motor learning
Answer: D. Coordination of movement, balance, and motor learning
Rationale: The cerebellum fine-tunes movements and contributes to balance, posture, and motor learning.
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Solved | CNS & PNS Review
1. Which cerebral lobe contains the primary motor cortex?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Frontal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: C. Frontal lobe
Rationale: The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
2. Which cerebral lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?
A. Occipital lobe
B. Parietal lobe
C. Frontal lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: B. Parietal lobe
Rationale: The postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex.
3. Which cerebral lobe is most directly associated with primary visual processing?
A. Temporal lobe
B. Insula
C. Frontal lobe
D. Occipital lobe
Answer: D. Occipital lobe
Rationale: The primary visual cortex lies in the occipital lobe.
4. Which cerebral lobe contains the primary auditory cortex?
A. Parietal lobe
B. Frontal lobe
C. Occipital lobe
D. Temporal lobe
Answer: D. Temporal lobe
Rationale: Primary auditory cortex is located in the superior temporal region.
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,5. The corpus callosum primarily connects:
A. The right and left cerebral hemispheres
B. The medulla to the pons
C. The pituitary to the hypothalamus
D. The cerebellum to the spinal cord
Answer: A. The right and left cerebral hemispheres
Rationale: The corpus callosum is the major commissural fiber tract linking the cerebral hemispheres.
6. The thalamus functions primarily as:
A. A relay and processing center for most sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex
B. The primary respiratory muscle controller only
C. The origin of all spinal nerves
D. The main producer of cerebrospinal fluid
Answer: A. A relay and processing center for most sensory information traveling to the cerebral
cortex
Rationale: Most sensory pathways synapse in the thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex.
7. Which structure is central to regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, and autonomic-
endocrine integration?
A. Caudate nucleus
B. Occipital cortex
C. Hypothalamus
D. Corpus callosum
Answer: C. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus integrates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses involved in
homeostasis.
8. The pituitary gland is anatomically and functionally linked most closely to the:
A. Hypothalamus
B. Cerebellum
C. Parietal lobe
D. Medulla oblongata
Answer: A. Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates pituitary function through neural and hormonal connections.
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, 9. Which brainstem region is continuous with the spinal cord?
A. Midbrain
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Diencephalon
D. Pons
Answer: B. Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla is the most inferior part of the brainstem and transitions into the spinal cord.
10. Which brainstem structure acts as a bridge between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla and
contributes to respiratory regulation?
A. Corpus callosum
B. Thalamus
C. Pons
D. Basal nuclei
Answer: C. Pons
Rationale: The pons contains relay nuclei and respiratory centers and connects multiple CNS regions.
11. The midbrain contains important centers for:
A. Visual and auditory reflexes
B. Gastric acid secretion
C. Urine formation
D. Blood cell production
Answer: A. Visual and auditory reflexes
Rationale: Midbrain structures such as the superior and inferior colliculi participate in visual and auditory
reflexes.
12. The cerebellum is most important for:
A. Production of CSF
B. Initiation of endocrine secretion from the thyroid
C. Primary language comprehension
D. Coordination of movement, balance, and motor learning
Answer: D. Coordination of movement, balance, and motor learning
Rationale: The cerebellum fine-tunes movements and contributes to balance, posture, and motor learning.
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