Galen College NU 131 Exam 4 (pdf) | 2026/2027 | Nursing and
Healthcare I Q&A | Nursing
1. A 40-year-old client is having an annual eye examination and has noted a
decline in visual acuity. The nurse recognizes that the most likely cause of
this symptom at this age is:
A) Cataracts
B) Presbyopia
C) Glaucoma
D) Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on
nearby objects, a normal age-related change that typically begins around
age 40. It is caused by the hardening of the lens and weakening of the ciliary
muscles.
2. The psychosocial task for the young adult (20-40 years) according to
Erikson is:
A) Identity vs. Role Confusion
B) Intimacy vs. Isolation
C) Generativity vs. Stagnation
D) Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Rationale: According to Erikson, the young adult stage (20-40 years) is
characterized by the psychosocial crisis of Intimacy vs. Isolation. During this
stage, individuals develop close, committed relationships with others.
,3. A client in early adulthood asks the nurse about managing stress at work.
Which instruction should the nurse include?
A) "Always take on extra work to prove yourself."
B) "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
C) "Avoid discussing workload with your supervisor."
D) "Work through lunch to catch up on tasks."
Correct Answer: "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
Rationale: Young adults often face work-related stress. Teaching them to set
boundaries and say no to additional responsibilities when overwhelmed is a
healthy coping strategy that helps prevent burnout.
4. An adolescent girl is concerned about gaining weight during puberty. The
nurse's best response is:
A) "You should start dieting to prevent weight gain."
B) "The increase in nutrient needs is to support your growth spurt."
C) "Weight gain during adolescence is abnormal."
D) "You should avoid all carbohydrates."
Correct Answer: "The increase in nutrient needs is to support your growth
spurt."
Rationale: During adolescence, rapid growth increases nutritional
requirements. Weight gain is normal and necessary to support this growth
spurt. The nurse should reassure the adolescent that these changes are
expected and healthy.
5. The nurse is reviewing normal puberty and adolescent development with a
group of parents. Which statement should the nurse include?
,A) Girls will have the appearance of underarm hair by age 10
B) Boys will have the appearance of facial hair by age 14
C) Girls will have a rapid growth spurt between ages 13 and 14
D) Boys will develop a deepening of the voice between ages 11 and 12
Correct Answer: Boys will have the appearance of facial hair by age 14
Rationale: During normal male puberty, facial hair typically appears by age
14. Girls usually develop underarm hair around age 12-13, and the growth
spurt for girls typically occurs between ages 10 and 13.
6. The nurse is assessing the cognitive development of formal operational
thinking in young adults. Which of the following does the nurse expect to see
in this age group?
A) Believing there is one correct way of performing a task
B) Criticizing the performance and work of peers
C) Using past experiences to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize
D) Difficulty seeing the viewpoint and perspective of others
Correct Answer: Using past experiences to reason, problem-solve, and
prioritize
Rationale: In formal operational thinking, young adults use past experiences
to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize. They can think abstractly, consider
multiple perspectives, and plan for the future.
7. The nurse is collecting data on a 16-year-old male client who presents to
the clinic with his mother. The mother expresses concern that her son has
been masturbating excessively, sometimes for several hours a day. The
client appears withdrawn and reports difficulty concentrating in school.
, Which of the following is most important for the nurse to explore further with
the client?
A) Client's understanding of healthy sexuality
B) Mother's level of comfort discussing sexuality
C) Presence of genital discomfort
D) Frequency of masturbation
Correct Answer: Client's understanding of healthy sexuality
Rationale: Excessive masturbation that interferes with daily functioning (such
as difficulty concentrating in school) may indicate underlying issues. The
nurse should first explore the client's understanding of healthy sexuality to
assess whether this behavior is within normal limits or if there are concerns
about sexual health, compulsive behavior, or other issues.
8. Which of the following is a goal of early adulthood (20-40 years)?
A) Developing a sense of identity
B) Choosing a career, home, and family
C) Achieving generativity
D) Reviewing life with meaning
Correct Answer: Choosing a career, home, and family
Rationale: Early adulthood goals include choosing a career, establishing a
home and family, meeting sexual needs, developing maturity, and building a
social circle.
9. Which of the following is a physical characteristic of early adulthood?
A) Physical growth continues into the 30s
Healthcare I Q&A | Nursing
1. A 40-year-old client is having an annual eye examination and has noted a
decline in visual acuity. The nurse recognizes that the most likely cause of
this symptom at this age is:
A) Cataracts
B) Presbyopia
C) Glaucoma
D) Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: Presbyopia
Rationale: Presbyopia is the gradual loss of the eye's ability to focus on
nearby objects, a normal age-related change that typically begins around
age 40. It is caused by the hardening of the lens and weakening of the ciliary
muscles.
2. The psychosocial task for the young adult (20-40 years) according to
Erikson is:
A) Identity vs. Role Confusion
B) Intimacy vs. Isolation
C) Generativity vs. Stagnation
D) Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Correct Answer: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Rationale: According to Erikson, the young adult stage (20-40 years) is
characterized by the psychosocial crisis of Intimacy vs. Isolation. During this
stage, individuals develop close, committed relationships with others.
,3. A client in early adulthood asks the nurse about managing stress at work.
Which instruction should the nurse include?
A) "Always take on extra work to prove yourself."
B) "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
C) "Avoid discussing workload with your supervisor."
D) "Work through lunch to catch up on tasks."
Correct Answer: "Say no to extra work when you are already overwhelmed."
Rationale: Young adults often face work-related stress. Teaching them to set
boundaries and say no to additional responsibilities when overwhelmed is a
healthy coping strategy that helps prevent burnout.
4. An adolescent girl is concerned about gaining weight during puberty. The
nurse's best response is:
A) "You should start dieting to prevent weight gain."
B) "The increase in nutrient needs is to support your growth spurt."
C) "Weight gain during adolescence is abnormal."
D) "You should avoid all carbohydrates."
Correct Answer: "The increase in nutrient needs is to support your growth
spurt."
Rationale: During adolescence, rapid growth increases nutritional
requirements. Weight gain is normal and necessary to support this growth
spurt. The nurse should reassure the adolescent that these changes are
expected and healthy.
5. The nurse is reviewing normal puberty and adolescent development with a
group of parents. Which statement should the nurse include?
,A) Girls will have the appearance of underarm hair by age 10
B) Boys will have the appearance of facial hair by age 14
C) Girls will have a rapid growth spurt between ages 13 and 14
D) Boys will develop a deepening of the voice between ages 11 and 12
Correct Answer: Boys will have the appearance of facial hair by age 14
Rationale: During normal male puberty, facial hair typically appears by age
14. Girls usually develop underarm hair around age 12-13, and the growth
spurt for girls typically occurs between ages 10 and 13.
6. The nurse is assessing the cognitive development of formal operational
thinking in young adults. Which of the following does the nurse expect to see
in this age group?
A) Believing there is one correct way of performing a task
B) Criticizing the performance and work of peers
C) Using past experiences to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize
D) Difficulty seeing the viewpoint and perspective of others
Correct Answer: Using past experiences to reason, problem-solve, and
prioritize
Rationale: In formal operational thinking, young adults use past experiences
to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize. They can think abstractly, consider
multiple perspectives, and plan for the future.
7. The nurse is collecting data on a 16-year-old male client who presents to
the clinic with his mother. The mother expresses concern that her son has
been masturbating excessively, sometimes for several hours a day. The
client appears withdrawn and reports difficulty concentrating in school.
, Which of the following is most important for the nurse to explore further with
the client?
A) Client's understanding of healthy sexuality
B) Mother's level of comfort discussing sexuality
C) Presence of genital discomfort
D) Frequency of masturbation
Correct Answer: Client's understanding of healthy sexuality
Rationale: Excessive masturbation that interferes with daily functioning (such
as difficulty concentrating in school) may indicate underlying issues. The
nurse should first explore the client's understanding of healthy sexuality to
assess whether this behavior is within normal limits or if there are concerns
about sexual health, compulsive behavior, or other issues.
8. Which of the following is a goal of early adulthood (20-40 years)?
A) Developing a sense of identity
B) Choosing a career, home, and family
C) Achieving generativity
D) Reviewing life with meaning
Correct Answer: Choosing a career, home, and family
Rationale: Early adulthood goals include choosing a career, establishing a
home and family, meeting sexual needs, developing maturity, and building a
social circle.
9. Which of the following is a physical characteristic of early adulthood?
A) Physical growth continues into the 30s
