NUR 631 FINAL EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM
NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud
disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in
the feet and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of
the upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the
upper and lower extremities - ANSWER>>c. A vasospastic
disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and
less commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart
failures may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - ANSWER>>a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right
ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary
circulation at a normal central venous pressure. It most often
results from the left heart failure when the increase in left
ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the
pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As pressure in the
,pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular
emptying increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a
vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - ANSWER>>d. Murmur heard
on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over
rough surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy
currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on
auscultation such as occurs during blood pressure measurement
with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood
flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18
and down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus -
ANSWER>>d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of
trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA
see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with
dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at
the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as
well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical
findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
,a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - ANSWER>>c. Patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with
will characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur
best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and
diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have
bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation and
signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The
presentations of the other congenital heart defects are not
consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by
children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic
spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating - ANSWER>>c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used
by older children to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its
variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous
return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options
would not result in these changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would
likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - ANSWER>>b. Lack of symptoms
, Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page
1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - ANSWER>>a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space.
page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the
treatment of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - ANSWER>>a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although
corticosteroids may produce some improvement in the early,
more acute stages. page 1259
The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for
premature infants when they are born between how many weeks
of gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36 - ANSWER>>d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36
weeks. The other options are not true regarding the timeframe
when the risk for RDS decreases. page 1292
What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud
disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in
the feet and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of
the upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the
upper and lower extremities - ANSWER>>c. A vasospastic
disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and
less commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart
failures may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - ANSWER>>a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right
ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary
circulation at a normal central venous pressure. It most often
results from the left heart failure when the increase in left
ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the
pulmonary circulation is severe enough. As pressure in the
,pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular
emptying increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a
vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - ANSWER>>d. Murmur heard
on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over
rough surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy
currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on
auscultation such as occurs during blood pressure measurement
with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood
flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18
and down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus -
ANSWER>>d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of
trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA
see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with
dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at
the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as
well as a bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical
findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?
,a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - ANSWER>>c. Patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with
will characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur
best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and
diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant also will have
bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation and
signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The
presentations of the other congenital heart defects are not
consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by
children diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic
spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating - ANSWER>>c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used
by older children to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its
variants increase systemic resistance while decreasing venous
return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The other options
would not result in these changes. pg 1209
An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would
likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - ANSWER>>b. Lack of symptoms
, Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page
1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - ANSWER>>a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space.
page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the
treatment of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - ANSWER>>a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although
corticosteroids may produce some improvement in the early,
more acute stages. page 1259
The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for
premature infants when they are born between how many weeks
of gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36 - ANSWER>>d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36
weeks. The other options are not true regarding the timeframe
when the risk for RDS decreases. page 1292
What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
