NUR 230 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE (2026/2027)
Q&A verified answers OB/Peds
What are the signs of pregnancy? - Presumptive, Probable, Positive
What is a presumptive sign of pregnancy? - N&V, breast changes, fatigue, urinary
frequency
What is a probable sign of pregnancy? - Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign,
positive pregnancy test
What is a positive sign of pregnancy? - Hearing fetal heart tones (12 wks), Visualization
of the fetus (4 wks), palpating fetal movement, and visualizing fetal movements:
Ultrasound (18 wks)
What are the effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular system? - There is extra fluid
on board so the CO increases 10%-50%. The heart rate increases 10-15 bpm
What is asked/done in first GYN appt? - -Pap smear
-STD's
-Were they on birth control or antibiotics?
-Currently taking any medications?
-Currently using tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs?
- Ask about resources (social, financial)
-Any previous pregnancies
How much should caffeine be decreased to? - 1-2 servings a day
What foods are rich in iron? - -Red meat
-Dark leafy greens
, -Beans
-Poultry
What are ways in which the mother can avoid heartburn? - -Good posture
-Avoid spicy foods
-Eat small meals
At how many weeks can you see the fetus on an ultrasound? - 6 weeks
What is the "mask of pregnancy" called? – Cholasma
What is gravida? - Total number of pregnancies
What is para? - Total number of viable pregnancies (at lease 20 weeks gestation)
Describe Naegele's Rule? - Used to determine the expected date of delivery (EDD)
How is the EDD determined? - Naegele's Rule:
(First day of last period+ 7 days) - 3 months
What is linea nigra? - a hyperpigmented line on the abdomen from the symphysis pubis
to the top of the fundus
What are stretch marks called? - Striae gravidarum
What are respiratory changes in the mother? - -Nasal congestion/ nose bleeding due to
elevated estrogen levels
-RR increases
What are ways to help nausea and vomiting? - -Vitamin b6
- Ginger
-Eat dry carbs first thing upon rising
-Eat small frequent meals
-Good posture
By what week should nausea and vomiting be gone? - Week 14
What is the effect of prolactin on the body? - Milk production
Q&A verified answers OB/Peds
What are the signs of pregnancy? - Presumptive, Probable, Positive
What is a presumptive sign of pregnancy? - N&V, breast changes, fatigue, urinary
frequency
What is a probable sign of pregnancy? - Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign,
positive pregnancy test
What is a positive sign of pregnancy? - Hearing fetal heart tones (12 wks), Visualization
of the fetus (4 wks), palpating fetal movement, and visualizing fetal movements:
Ultrasound (18 wks)
What are the effects of pregnancy on the cardiovascular system? - There is extra fluid
on board so the CO increases 10%-50%. The heart rate increases 10-15 bpm
What is asked/done in first GYN appt? - -Pap smear
-STD's
-Were they on birth control or antibiotics?
-Currently taking any medications?
-Currently using tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs?
- Ask about resources (social, financial)
-Any previous pregnancies
How much should caffeine be decreased to? - 1-2 servings a day
What foods are rich in iron? - -Red meat
-Dark leafy greens
, -Beans
-Poultry
What are ways in which the mother can avoid heartburn? - -Good posture
-Avoid spicy foods
-Eat small meals
At how many weeks can you see the fetus on an ultrasound? - 6 weeks
What is the "mask of pregnancy" called? – Cholasma
What is gravida? - Total number of pregnancies
What is para? - Total number of viable pregnancies (at lease 20 weeks gestation)
Describe Naegele's Rule? - Used to determine the expected date of delivery (EDD)
How is the EDD determined? - Naegele's Rule:
(First day of last period+ 7 days) - 3 months
What is linea nigra? - a hyperpigmented line on the abdomen from the symphysis pubis
to the top of the fundus
What are stretch marks called? - Striae gravidarum
What are respiratory changes in the mother? - -Nasal congestion/ nose bleeding due to
elevated estrogen levels
-RR increases
What are ways to help nausea and vomiting? - -Vitamin b6
- Ginger
-Eat dry carbs first thing upon rising
-Eat small frequent meals
-Good posture
By what week should nausea and vomiting be gone? - Week 14
What is the effect of prolactin on the body? - Milk production
