PSCI 2305 1 REVIEW FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What goods are available to all without direct payment?
A. Private goods
B. Public goods
C. Common goods
D. Toll goods.
Answer: C. Common goods
◍ Scientific Research.
Answer: explicit, systematic, and controlled. a method of testing theories
and hypotheses by applying certain rules of analysis to the observation and
interpretation of reality under strictly delineated circumstances.
◍ . In which form of government does a small group of elite people hold
political power?
A. Direct democracy
B. Monarchy
C. Oligarchy
D. Totalitarian.
Answer: C. Oligarchy
◍ What is the first step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Formulate a question
◍ What is the second step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Formulate and operationalize a theory
◍ What is the third step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Derive your hypotheses
,◍ What is the difference between representative democracy and direct
democracy?.
Answer: In a representative democracy, people elect representatives to make
political decisions and pass laws for them. In a direct democracy, people
make all political decisions and pass laws themselves.
◍ What is the fourth step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Select the appropriate research technique
◍ What does government do for people?.
Answer: It provides a range of services for its citizens, ranging from
healthcare to security, funded by taxes.
◍ What is the fifth step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Observe the behavior/collect data
◍ What is the sixth step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Analyze the data
◍ What is the seventh step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Interpret the results and draw conclusions
◍ The elite theory of government maintains that ________.
A. Special interest groups make government policy
B. Politicians who have held office for a long time are favored by voters
C. Poor people and people of color should not be allowed to vote
D. Wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and
government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people.
Answer: D. Wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and
government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people
◍ According to the pluralist theory of government, ________.
A. Government does what the majority of voters want it to do
B. Government policy is formed as a result of the competition between
groups with different goals and interests
C. Ordinary people acting on their own have a significant influence on
, government
D. Wealthy people decide what government policy will be, and politicians
have no interest in pleasing anyone else.
Answer: B. Government policy is formed as a result of the competition
between groups with different goals and interests
◍ Reasons it is difficult to treat Political Science as a Science.
Answer: 1. Social Sciences involves studying people2. Hawthorne effect3.
Objectivity of political scientists4. Politicians are a rare breed.5. Assumed
knowledge about the topic.6. Measurement Problems7. Data Collection
Problems
◍ Which of the following is a good example of a tradeoff?
A. The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public
lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for
grazing purposes.
B. The government pleases environmental activists by reintroducing wolves
to Yellowstone National Park but angers ranchers by placing their cattle in
danger.
C. The government pleases oil companies by allowing them to drill on lands
set aside for conservation but allows environmental activist groups to protest
the drilling operations.
D. Groups that represent a variety of conflicting interests are all allowed to
protest outside Congress and the White House..
Answer: A. The government pleases environmental activists by preserving
public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands
for grazing purposes.
◍ Normative.
Answer: What ought to be. Value Question. Essentially what should be.
◍ Empirical.
Answer: What is. Question of fact. Testable and objective. Looking at facts,
data, observation.
◍ Supporting the actions of the Democratic Party simply because one
, identifies oneself as a member of that party is an example of ________.
A. Partisanship
B. Ideology
C. Latent preference
D. Social capital.
Answer: A. Partisanship
◍ Causation.
Answer: What does it mean for something to cause something.
◍ When a person is asked a question about a political issue that he or she has
little interest in and has not thought much about, that person's answer will
likely reflect ________.
A. Ideology
B. Partisanship
C. Intense preferences
D. Latent preferences.
Answer: D. Latent preferences
◍ What kinds of people are most likely to become active in politics or
community service?.
Answer: While there are typically more wealthy, older and highly educated
people who become active in politics, anyone can become involved in
politics and community service IF they have high interests in an issue.
◍ Factors for Causation.
Answer: 1. Covariation2. Time Order3. Elimination of alternative
explanations
◍ What political activities can people engage in other than running for office?.
Answer: People can pay attention to the news in order to be aware of the
most important issues of the day, contribute money to a campaign or attend
a rally in support of a political candidate whose views they favor, write
letters to members of Congress, state, and local politicians, and most
importantly, vote.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What goods are available to all without direct payment?
A. Private goods
B. Public goods
C. Common goods
D. Toll goods.
Answer: C. Common goods
◍ Scientific Research.
Answer: explicit, systematic, and controlled. a method of testing theories
and hypotheses by applying certain rules of analysis to the observation and
interpretation of reality under strictly delineated circumstances.
◍ . In which form of government does a small group of elite people hold
political power?
A. Direct democracy
B. Monarchy
C. Oligarchy
D. Totalitarian.
Answer: C. Oligarchy
◍ What is the first step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Formulate a question
◍ What is the second step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Formulate and operationalize a theory
◍ What is the third step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Derive your hypotheses
,◍ What is the difference between representative democracy and direct
democracy?.
Answer: In a representative democracy, people elect representatives to make
political decisions and pass laws for them. In a direct democracy, people
make all political decisions and pass laws themselves.
◍ What is the fourth step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Select the appropriate research technique
◍ What does government do for people?.
Answer: It provides a range of services for its citizens, ranging from
healthcare to security, funded by taxes.
◍ What is the fifth step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Observe the behavior/collect data
◍ What is the sixth step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Analyze the data
◍ What is the seventh step in the scientific research process?.
Answer: Interpret the results and draw conclusions
◍ The elite theory of government maintains that ________.
A. Special interest groups make government policy
B. Politicians who have held office for a long time are favored by voters
C. Poor people and people of color should not be allowed to vote
D. Wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and
government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people.
Answer: D. Wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and
government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people
◍ According to the pluralist theory of government, ________.
A. Government does what the majority of voters want it to do
B. Government policy is formed as a result of the competition between
groups with different goals and interests
C. Ordinary people acting on their own have a significant influence on
, government
D. Wealthy people decide what government policy will be, and politicians
have no interest in pleasing anyone else.
Answer: B. Government policy is formed as a result of the competition
between groups with different goals and interests
◍ Reasons it is difficult to treat Political Science as a Science.
Answer: 1. Social Sciences involves studying people2. Hawthorne effect3.
Objectivity of political scientists4. Politicians are a rare breed.5. Assumed
knowledge about the topic.6. Measurement Problems7. Data Collection
Problems
◍ Which of the following is a good example of a tradeoff?
A. The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public
lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for
grazing purposes.
B. The government pleases environmental activists by reintroducing wolves
to Yellowstone National Park but angers ranchers by placing their cattle in
danger.
C. The government pleases oil companies by allowing them to drill on lands
set aside for conservation but allows environmental activist groups to protest
the drilling operations.
D. Groups that represent a variety of conflicting interests are all allowed to
protest outside Congress and the White House..
Answer: A. The government pleases environmental activists by preserving
public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands
for grazing purposes.
◍ Normative.
Answer: What ought to be. Value Question. Essentially what should be.
◍ Empirical.
Answer: What is. Question of fact. Testable and objective. Looking at facts,
data, observation.
◍ Supporting the actions of the Democratic Party simply because one
, identifies oneself as a member of that party is an example of ________.
A. Partisanship
B. Ideology
C. Latent preference
D. Social capital.
Answer: A. Partisanship
◍ Causation.
Answer: What does it mean for something to cause something.
◍ When a person is asked a question about a political issue that he or she has
little interest in and has not thought much about, that person's answer will
likely reflect ________.
A. Ideology
B. Partisanship
C. Intense preferences
D. Latent preferences.
Answer: D. Latent preferences
◍ What kinds of people are most likely to become active in politics or
community service?.
Answer: While there are typically more wealthy, older and highly educated
people who become active in politics, anyone can become involved in
politics and community service IF they have high interests in an issue.
◍ Factors for Causation.
Answer: 1. Covariation2. Time Order3. Elimination of alternative
explanations
◍ What political activities can people engage in other than running for office?.
Answer: People can pay attention to the news in order to be aware of the
most important issues of the day, contribute money to a campaign or attend
a rally in support of a political candidate whose views they favor, write
letters to members of Congress, state, and local politicians, and most
importantly, vote.
