lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Exam 3 Study Guide: Key Concepts in Hypertension &
Cardiac Care
HYPERTENSION: Occurs when systolic pressure is higher than 130 and diastolic
is higher than 80. Primary/essential hypertension has no known cause and
Secondary hypertension can be caused by disease such as kidney disease, or
some adverse effect from medications.
Risk factor:
SODA
S- Stress, Smoke, Sedentary lifestyle
O- Obesity, oral contraceptive
D- Diet (high sodium and cholesterol), Diseases: Renal disease, HF,
Hyperlipidemia (200)
A- African men & Age (old)
Diet:
● Monitor for hyperkalemia with salt substitutes use
● Less sodium
● Consume diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol
● Limit alcohol
● DASH Diet is high in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy food
● Consume food rich in calcium and magnesium
Client education
DRESS
D- Diet low scc (sodium, calories, cholesterol)
R- Reduce alcohol and caffeine
E- Exercise: walking (30 minx 5 days/wk)
S- Stop smoking and alcohol
S- Stress reduction
MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION
Troponin level:
Troponin I or T any positive value indicates damage to cardiac tissue and should
be reported. Levels no longer evident after approximately 10 days.
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Medications
Aspirin: Prevents platelets from forming together, which can produce arterial
clotting, it also prevents vasoconstriction. Due to this and anti platelets effects, it
should be administered with nitroglycerin at the onset of chest pain. It can also
cause GI upset. PT is at risk for bleeding and bruising. Report signs of ringing in
ears (tinnitus).
Propranolol: Antidysrhythmic and anti hypertensive properties that decrease the
imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand by reducing after load
and slowing heart rate. Monitor for bradycardia and hypotension. Monitor
decreases LOC, crackles in the lungs and chest discomfort.
Nitroglycerin: Prevents coronary artery vasospasm and reduces preload and after
load decreasing myocardial oxygen demand. Treat angina and help control blood
pressure, monitor for orthostatic hypotension. Place under tongue to dissolve.
Give 2 doses within 5 min intervals, if pain is not relieved call 911 and give the
third dose. Headache is a common side effect.
S&S
● Pallor, cool and clammy skin
● Tachycardia and Heart palpitations ● Tachypnea and shortness of breath
● Diaphoresis
● Vomiting
● Decrease LOC
Difference between STEMI and NSTEMI
STEMI is ST segment elevations in 2 separate leads , ST-segment elevation
indicates injury and NSTEMI has no significant ECG changes or persistent ST
elevations.
HEART FAILURE
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Exam 3 Study Guide: Key Concepts in Hypertension &
Cardiac Care
HYPERTENSION: Occurs when systolic pressure is higher than 130 and diastolic
is higher than 80. Primary/essential hypertension has no known cause and
Secondary hypertension can be caused by disease such as kidney disease, or
some adverse effect from medications.
Risk factor:
SODA
S- Stress, Smoke, Sedentary lifestyle
O- Obesity, oral contraceptive
D- Diet (high sodium and cholesterol), Diseases: Renal disease, HF,
Hyperlipidemia (200)
A- African men & Age (old)
Diet:
● Monitor for hyperkalemia with salt substitutes use
● Less sodium
● Consume diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol
● Limit alcohol
● DASH Diet is high in fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy food
● Consume food rich in calcium and magnesium
Client education
DRESS
D- Diet low scc (sodium, calories, cholesterol)
R- Reduce alcohol and caffeine
E- Exercise: walking (30 minx 5 days/wk)
S- Stop smoking and alcohol
S- Stress reduction
MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION
Troponin level:
Troponin I or T any positive value indicates damage to cardiac tissue and should
be reported. Levels no longer evident after approximately 10 days.
Downloaded by morren nyutu ()
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Medications
Aspirin: Prevents platelets from forming together, which can produce arterial
clotting, it also prevents vasoconstriction. Due to this and anti platelets effects, it
should be administered with nitroglycerin at the onset of chest pain. It can also
cause GI upset. PT is at risk for bleeding and bruising. Report signs of ringing in
ears (tinnitus).
Propranolol: Antidysrhythmic and anti hypertensive properties that decrease the
imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand by reducing after load
and slowing heart rate. Monitor for bradycardia and hypotension. Monitor
decreases LOC, crackles in the lungs and chest discomfort.
Nitroglycerin: Prevents coronary artery vasospasm and reduces preload and after
load decreasing myocardial oxygen demand. Treat angina and help control blood
pressure, monitor for orthostatic hypotension. Place under tongue to dissolve.
Give 2 doses within 5 min intervals, if pain is not relieved call 911 and give the
third dose. Headache is a common side effect.
S&S
● Pallor, cool and clammy skin
● Tachycardia and Heart palpitations ● Tachypnea and shortness of breath
● Diaphoresis
● Vomiting
● Decrease LOC
Difference between STEMI and NSTEMI
STEMI is ST segment elevations in 2 separate leads , ST-segment elevation
indicates injury and NSTEMI has no significant ECG changes or persistent ST
elevations.
HEART FAILURE
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