Final Exam intro to Physical Geology: GO141DLS1A (GO141 - Physical Geology) | complete answered latest updated fall .

GO141 - Physical Geology - Final Exam GO141DLS1A 2025/2026 Introduction to Physical Geology - Park University. Score for this quiz: 59 out of 60 Question 1 1 / 1 pts Which of the following cycles moves water among Earth's four spheres? the rock cycle the solar cycle the hydrologic cycle the volcanic cycle Question 2 1 / 1 pts The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth. asthenosphere hydrosphere atmosphere biosphere Question 3 1 / 1 pts Most of our understanding of Earth's interior comes from ________. the activity of volcanoes sampling the composition of the crust the study of seismic wavesdirect samples from the mantle Question 4 1 / 1 pts Most transform faults are found ________. in the center of continents adjacent to subduction zones along the edges of continents along the oceanic ridge system Question 5 1 / 1 pts Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with ________ plate boundaries. transform convergent divergent all Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which of the following places the events related to the breakup of Pangaea in the proper order? separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica; separation of North America and Africa; collision of India and Eurasia separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica; collision of India and Eurasia; separation of North America and Africa separation of North America and Africa; separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica; collision of India and Eurasiacollision of India and Eurasia; separation of North America and Africa; separation of Africa, India, and Antarctica Question 7 1 / 1 pts Cell phones are often recycled to collect gold and other metals from them. This is profitable because ________. technological advances allow the metals to be extracted more efficiently, and it is a renewable resource technological advances allow the metals to be extracted more efficiently the demand for the precious metals has increased, and technological advances allow the metals to be extracted more efficiently the demand for the precious metals has increased it is a renewable resource Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following best characterizes ferromagnesian silicates? They are black to dark-green silicate minerals containing iron and magnesium. They contain iron and magnetite, are black in color, and they have metallic lusters. They contain magnetite and ferrite, and they are clear to light green. They are mostly clear, colorless, and rich in the elements magnesium and ferrum. Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following minerals is a ferromagnesian silicate?hornblende orthoclase muscovite quartz Question 10 1 / 1 pts The sizes, shapes, and arrangements of mineral grains in an igneous rock are known as ________. Bowen's reaction series texture silica content mineral content Question 11 1 / 1 pts When gas bubbles escape as lava solidifies, a ________ texture is formed. porphyritic fragmental glassy vesicular Question 12 1 / 1 pts ________ rocks are composed almost entirely of light-colored silicates. Felsic MaficBasaltic Ultramafic Question 13 1 / 1 pts Another term for a volcanic mudflow is a ________. fumerole gas cloud lahar nuée ardente Question 14 1 / 1 pts The (geologically) recent volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is ________. related to intraplate, hot spot volcanism related to plate subduction related to a divergent plate boundary related to a transform plate boundary Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which kind of volcanism is typical of mid-oceanic ridge systems? explosive; composite cones explosive; rhyolitic, pyroclastic flows fissure eruptions; flood basalts fields submarine; basaltic lava flowsQuestion 16 1 / 1 pts ________is considered the most influential control of soil formation. Plants and animals Parent material Climate Topography Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which one of the following statements concerning mechanical weathering is NOT true? It involves a major change in the mineral composition of the weathered material. It allows for faster rates of chemical weathering. It reduces grain sizes of rock particles. It is important in the formation of talus slopes. Question 18 1 / 1 pts What two factors speed up rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils? warm temperatures; very moist low temperatures; very moist high temperatures; very dry low temperatures; very dryQuestion 19 1 / 1 pts You are working in the field and come across and outcrop that contains graded beds. Which of the following best describes the likely depositional environment? turbidity current mountain stream windy desert landslide Question 20 1 / 1 pts Which one of the following is not a chemical sedimentary rock or evaporite? oolitic limestone shale bedded gypsum cherty dolostone Question 21 1 / 1 pts A coarse rock composed of poorly cemented shells and shell fragments is called ________. dolostone coquina shellstone travertine Question 221 / 1 pts ________ can provide good indication of the metamorphic environment in which a rock formed. Micas Migmatites Hydrothermal solutions Index minerals Question 23 1 / 1 pts The best clue for identifying the parent rock from which a metamorphic rock was derived is ________. the temperature at which the metamorphism occurred the chemical composition of the metamorphic rock the depth at which the metamorphism occurred the grade of metamorphism Question 24 1 / 1 pts ________ is characterized by the segregation of light- and dark-colored minerals into thin layers or bands. Garnet hornfels Quartzite Slate Granitic gneiss Question 25 1 / 1 ptsThe average composition of the oceanic crust is thought to approximate that of ________. basalt peridotite granite iron Question 26 1 / 1 pts On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes. S waves surface waves body waves P waves Question 27 1 / 1 pts When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the ________. epicenter focus seismic zone inertial point Question 28 1 / 1 pts Submarine canyons found on the continental slope and rise have been created ________.by faulting because of a plate plunging into the mantle by rivers during the ice age none of these Question 29 1 / 1 pts Deep, down-faulted structures along the axis of some segments of oceanic ridge are called ________. rift valleys axial valleys ridge valleys fault valleys Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which of the following provides the best example of an active continental margin? the east coast of South America the southern coast of Australia the east coast of North America the west coast of South America Question 31 1 / 1 pts A graben is characterized by ________. a footwall block that has moved up between two normal faultsa hanging wall block that has moved down between two normal faults a hanging wall block that has moved up between two reverse faults a footwall block that has moved down between two reverse faults Question 32 1 / 1 pts In a reverse fault, the ________ block moves up relative to the ________ block. hanging wall, footwall left, right right, left footwall, hanging wall Question 33 1 / 1 pts Horsts and grabens are bounded by ________ faults. normal strike-slip thrust reverse Question 34 1 / 1 pts The downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil is called ________. erosion weathering mass movement liquefactionQuestion 35 1 / 1 pts ________ denotes the exposed, crescent-shaped rupture surface at the head of a slump. Scoop Toe Scarp Sole Question 36 1 / 1 pts How do freezing, thawing, wetting, and drying contribute to soil creep? The soil expands and contracts, lifting particles and dropping them a slight distance downslope. The soil becomes much weaker when dry and frozen. Gravity exerts a much stronger force when the soil is wet and thawed. Eventually, these cause the soil and regolith to suddenly slide down the slope. Question 37 1 / 1 pts The slope of a stream channel, expressed as the vertical drop of a stream over a specified distance, is called the/a________. discharge wetted perimeter water gap gradientQuestion 38 1 / 1 pts Smooth, rounded cobbles and pebbles are found in streams a result of ________. quarrying abrasion corrosion saltation Question 39 1 / 1 pts The majority of freshwater on Earth is located where? in glaciers and ice sheets in the oceans in snow and ice in groundwater Question 40 1 / 1 pts Excessive groundwater withdrawals can cause ________. an influent stream becomes an effluent stream the water table drops or declines in elevation porosity in the aquifer increases as the water is removed expansion of the dewatered aquifer Question 411 / 1 pts An artesian well is one in which ________. pressurized groundwater rises from a deep, unsaturated aquifer water rises above the top of the aquifer without any pumping the well is horizontal and the water table is perched the water is warm, fairly saline, and recharged by an affluent stream IncorrectQuestion 42 0 / 1 pts The water table slope is known as the ________. cone of depression hydraulic gradient capillary fringe hydraulic conductivity Question 43 1 / 1 pts A ________ forms when stagnant, glacial ice melts after being buried by drift. drumlin kettle pluvial delta tarn Question 44 1 / 1 pts The uppermost 50 meters of a glacier is referred to as the ________. zone of wastagezone of fracture zone of accumulation zone of calving Question 45 1 / 1 pts ________ is one of the two major flow mechanisms in a glacier. Morainal sliding Basal slip Frost heaving Crevassal slip Question 46 1 / 1 pts An intermittent lake on the floor of a desert valley is called a(n) ________. bajada playa inselberg alluvial lake Question 47 1 / 1 pts ________ dunes result from persistent, onshore winds in certain coastal areas. Barchanoid Staroid DiabolicParabolic Question 48 1 / 1 pts Rainshadow deserts are common in ________. North Central Africa Europe north of the Alps the dry valleys of Eastern California and Nevada vast, dry, steppe lands like the Great Plains Question 49 1 / 1 pts Hurricanes are said to have a steep pressure gradient, and as you move toward the center of the storm, ________. pressure rapidly rises pressure slowly rises pressure rapidly drops pressure slowly drops Question 50 1 / 1 pts ________ occur at about the time of the first quarter and third quarter phases of the Moon. Flood tides Spring tides Ebb tides Neap tidesQuestion 51 1 / 1 pts If an initially irregular coastline remains relatively stable, it will become ________ over time. uplifted more irregular straighter and more regular submerged Question 52 1 / 1 pts The ________ is the idea or concept that ancient life forms succeeded each other in a definite, evolutionary pattern and that the contained assemblage of fossils can determine geologic ages of strata. principle of faunal succession principle of cross correlation law of fossil regression law of correlative indexing Question 53 1 / 1 pts The general term ________ denotes a buried, erosional surface where rock layers are missing. inclusion unconformity disconformity xenolithQuestion 54 1 / 1 pts ________ is an erosional contact between tilted, older strata below and horizontal, younger strata above. Inverse bedding A disconformity An angular unconformity Cross cutting Question 55 1 / 1 pts When a(n) ________ is emitted, the mass number of the isotope is reduced. alpha particle beta particle neutron proton Question 56 1 / 1 pts During the process of photosynthesis, plants release the gas ________. oxygen water vapor nitrogen carbon dioxide Question 571 / 1 pts A major event of the ________ era was the final breakup of the supercontinent called Pangaea. Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Question 58 1 / 1 pts The process in which plants use light energy to synthesize food sugars from carbon dioxide is called ________. oxidation hydration fusion photosynthesis none of the above Question 59 1 / 1 pts The rock formations of the ________ era are more widespread and less disturbed than those of any other time. Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic Question 60 1 / 1 ptsA ________ is a cataclysmic event in which exploding stars produce all the elements heavier than iron. supernova protoplasm planetesimal protonova