BMS 300 EXAM 4 [2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTION
AND ANSWER | FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
Renal Compartment
Bowmans capsule, PCT, Desc. Limb, ascend. Limb, DCT, Collecting
duct, Renal Calyx
Nephron
The ____________ is the BASIC STRUCTURAL and FUNCTIONAL unit
of the KIDNEY.
Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and
soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood,
reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
Bowman's Capsule to the distal convoluted tubule. Before collecting
duct
Kidney
The waste products cleansed by _______: Ammonia, Urea, Uric Acid,
Creatinine
Nephron
The pressures involved in the___________:
Hydrostatic outward pressure 55 mmhg
Osmotic pressure 30 mmhg
,Hydrostatic pressure of Bowman's 15 mmhg
Net outward pressure: 10 mmhg
Aortic body
________________ has the chemosensory neurons that monitor
gasses which affects breating. (O2 and CO2)
Conducting Zone
Epiglottis, trachea, larynx, bronchi
Respiratory Zone
Bronchioles, alveoli
Sympathetic Stimulation
-epinephrine
-causes smooth muscle relaxation
-B2 adrenergic receptor
Parasympathetic Stimulation
Acetylcholine
,Causes smooth muscle contraction
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Active, passive
Contraction and relaxation, which is active and which is passive?
Contraction is __________.
Relaxation is __________.
Aldosterone
Regulation of enacs (epithelial sodium channels) and nak+ atpase in
the DCT is controlled by steoroid called ___________ from adrenal
cortex
Glomerular filtration
Proteins that are less than 1000 mw can leave the kidney. This
filtration is called __________
Aquaporins
Epithelial cells of the ascending limb has ________________ and
does not have ion channels
, Collecting Duct
After filtrate arrives from the nephron of kidney, _______________
carry it to renal calyx
Cortico medullary, vasa recta
The loop of Henle and the vasa recta work in concert to establish and
maintain the _________ gradient.
It establishes the movement of ions, water, and urea across the
epithelia in the ascending and descending segments of the loop of
Henle.
However, this gradient cannot be maintained without the
__________.
Angiotensin II
Angiostensis converting enzine (ACE) converts inactive Angiotensin I
to activate ______________
Juxtaglomerular cells
The _________________, which are modified smooth muscle cells,
serve to REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE both in the kidney and
systemically. Their function within the kidney is to regulate blood
flow to the glomerulus.
AND ANSWER | FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
Renal Compartment
Bowmans capsule, PCT, Desc. Limb, ascend. Limb, DCT, Collecting
duct, Renal Calyx
Nephron
The ____________ is the BASIC STRUCTURAL and FUNCTIONAL unit
of the KIDNEY.
Its chief function is to regulate the concentration of water and
soluble substances like sodium salts by filtering the blood,
reabsorbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
Bowman's Capsule to the distal convoluted tubule. Before collecting
duct
Kidney
The waste products cleansed by _______: Ammonia, Urea, Uric Acid,
Creatinine
Nephron
The pressures involved in the___________:
Hydrostatic outward pressure 55 mmhg
Osmotic pressure 30 mmhg
,Hydrostatic pressure of Bowman's 15 mmhg
Net outward pressure: 10 mmhg
Aortic body
________________ has the chemosensory neurons that monitor
gasses which affects breating. (O2 and CO2)
Conducting Zone
Epiglottis, trachea, larynx, bronchi
Respiratory Zone
Bronchioles, alveoli
Sympathetic Stimulation
-epinephrine
-causes smooth muscle relaxation
-B2 adrenergic receptor
Parasympathetic Stimulation
Acetylcholine
,Causes smooth muscle contraction
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Active, passive
Contraction and relaxation, which is active and which is passive?
Contraction is __________.
Relaxation is __________.
Aldosterone
Regulation of enacs (epithelial sodium channels) and nak+ atpase in
the DCT is controlled by steoroid called ___________ from adrenal
cortex
Glomerular filtration
Proteins that are less than 1000 mw can leave the kidney. This
filtration is called __________
Aquaporins
Epithelial cells of the ascending limb has ________________ and
does not have ion channels
, Collecting Duct
After filtrate arrives from the nephron of kidney, _______________
carry it to renal calyx
Cortico medullary, vasa recta
The loop of Henle and the vasa recta work in concert to establish and
maintain the _________ gradient.
It establishes the movement of ions, water, and urea across the
epithelia in the ascending and descending segments of the loop of
Henle.
However, this gradient cannot be maintained without the
__________.
Angiotensin II
Angiostensis converting enzine (ACE) converts inactive Angiotensin I
to activate ______________
Juxtaglomerular cells
The _________________, which are modified smooth muscle cells,
serve to REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE both in the kidney and
systemically. Their function within the kidney is to regulate blood
flow to the glomerulus.
