Exam 2 HST 309/ HIST309 : Exploration and Empire (2026 Summer B)| Complete Questions and answers.

8/3/26, 7:43 PM Exam # 2 Due Jul 24 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 50 Available until Jul 24 at 11:59pm Time Limit 30 Minutes Instructions Please select the best answer to the following questions: This quiz was locked Jul 24 at 11:59pm. Exam # 2: HST 309: Exploration and Empire (2026 Summer B) Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 24 minutes 86 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 86 out of 100 Submitted Jul 19 at 6:02pm This attempt took 24 minutes. Correct answer Question 1 2 /2 pts Who won the debate at Valladolid? Bartolome de las Casas Juan Gines de Sepulveda there is no recorded winner Francisco de Vitoria Wrong answer Question 2 0/2pts In comparison to the Aztecs, the Incas were more hierarchical and bloodthirsty. more warlike and had less sophisticated technology. more closely organized but less bloodthirsty. losely organized into small city-states that were semi-independent. Correct answer Question 3 2/2pts Why were the natives segregated from the Spanish lay population in towns? They feared that the natives would infect the lay populations with various diseases. To protect them from exploitation and demoralization and put under continuous ecclesiastical supervision. They did not want them to get used to the urban lifestyle since they were to be returned to the countryside once they had been "civilized." They did not want the natives to pollute the pure blood of the Spanish settlers. Correct answer Question 4 2/2pts On what did the Spanish crown officially base its right to rule the Indies? The right of first discovery. Divine right. The Papal bulls of 1493, in particular upon Inter Caetera. Theories of racial and religious superiority. Correct answer Question 5 2 /2 pts The Portuguese stronghold of Goa was secured under the leadership of Alfonso de Albuquerque Francis Xavier Vincente Sodre Francisco de Alemeida Correct answer Question 6 2 /2 pts Where did the Portuguese find the slave labor they needed for their sugar cane plantations? Portugal Africa The local indiginous populations Brazil Correct answer Question 7 2/2pts How was the Mughal emperor Akbar different from the other Mughal emperors? He came to the throne when the Mughal empire was weak and thus sought compromise rather than war. He was willing make alliances with the Portuguese against other Muslim states. He was the first emperor of non-Turkish origins. He was religiously tolerant. Correct answer Question 8 2/2pts Which populations were most likely to convert to Christianity? Muslim low cast Hindus Chinese pagans Correct answer Question 9 2/2pts Traders from which European state distributed Portuguese sugar across Europe? ltaly The Dutch Republic England France Correct answer Question 10 2 /2 pts Years of religious conflict convinced the leaders of the Dutch Republic to expel all Catholics from its lands. enforce a strict policy of religious uniformity. accommodate religious dissent alongside its established Reformed Protestant Church. allow the Lutheran church the same privileges as the established Reformed Church. Correct answer Question 11 2/2pts Which of the following was NOT one of the powers given to the VOC? make laws make alliances negotiate treaties wage war Correct answer Question 12 2/2pts How were the Portuguese able to dominate the eastern trade routes for a hundred years? They had no competition from other European powers. They had made strategic alliances that prevented others from entering into the lucrative trade business in Asia. They had superior military and naval technology. They only dominated for under forty years. Correct answer Question 13 2/2pts What was one of the advantages of the Dutch strategy of taking a direct route to Java rather than the established one going north to India first? It was guarded by local Sultans who refused to allow the Portuguese access to that route. It did not require as much navigational skill. It avoided the monsoons. It was dotted with islands that allowed for repares and replenishing food stores. Correct answer Question 14 2 /2 pts Where was the only true colony established by the Dutch in the Old World (i.e. not North or South America)? Deshima Batavia The Cape of Good Hope New Amsterdam Correct answer Question 15 2/2pts Who did Vasco da Gama leave behind to protect Cochin during his third voyage? Vincente Sodre Francis Xavier Francisco de Alemeida Alfonso de Albuquerque Correct answer Question 16 2/2pts The Estado da India's gradual decline was the result of a confluence of factors. True False Correct answer Question 17 2/2pts Francisco de Alemeida attempted to deter challenges to Portuguese dominance by executing his captives and firing their limbs at Muslim towns as they passed by. True False Correct answer Question 18 2 /2 pts Jesuit missionaries sought alliances with Nestorian Christians and Hindus in order to defeat their Muslim enemies. True False Correct answer Question 19 2 [ 2 pts Abiding by the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas the French avoided challenging Portuguese claims in South America. True False Correct answer Question 20 2/2pts Where did the Portuguese find the slave labor that they needed for their sugar cane plantations in Brazil? indegineous tribes of the Caribbean the indigenous peoples of South America The English slave trade Africa Correct answer Question 21 2/2pts Which of the following was one of the Portuguese's principal bases in the East Indies? Jakarta Mallaca Banda Cochin Correct answer Question 22 2/2pts How did the Portuguese crusading spirit undermine their financial goals? It forced them into hostile relations with non-Christian peoples and made it difficult to make alliances. It distracted them from their real mission. It took time and resources away from trade. It did not undermine their financial goals. Correct answer Question 23 2 /2 pts Why were the Muslim sultanates of central India unable to capture the Portuguese stronghold at Goa? The Portuguese had strong alliances with local chieftans and the sultanates were simply outnumbered. Because the Portuguese were firmly entrenched and command of the sea, which allowed reinforcements. Because they were no match for the advanced military technology that the Portuguese used to defend Goa. Because the other European powers in the region came to the aid of the Portuguese to defeat the hated sultans. Wrong answer Question 24 0/2pts The arrival of Jesuit missionaries in the East helped secure Portuguese power via the pacifying effects of Christian conversion. True False Wrong answer Question 25 0/2pts By the end of the sixteenth century the Portuguese had established a strong foothold in East Indies. True False Correct answer Question 26 2/2pts The leaders of the Dutch Republic were predominantly Catholic. True False Correct answer Question 27 2/2pts The United Dutch East India Company (VOC) was created by a commission that merged several companies together so as to more effectively challenge Portuguese dominance in the East. True False Correct answer Question 28 2/2pts Mercantilism was a proto-capitalist theory of economics that encouraged peace and cooperation as the best means of attaining economic success. True False Correct answer Question 29 2/2pts The Dutch successfully dislodged the Portuguese from Goa. True False Correct answer Question 30 2/2 pts What actions did the Japanese take to control the Dutch after banning the Iberian powers from trading in Japan? They restricted their presence to the manmade island of Deshima. They set strict limits on when and where the Dutch could engage in trade. They were barred from proselytizing but were otherwise given freedom to engage in trade across Japanese territories.. The Japanese saw no reason to place restrictions on the Dutch. Correct answer Question 31 2/2pts Why did the English decide to break the Portuguese monopoly on the East Indies trade route? Attempts to find a northern passage were unsuccessful and angerous and access to trade with the Ottomans via the Strait of Gibraltar were cut off by the Iberian powers. They actually won rights to use the route after they made an alliance with Portugal against Spain. Because the Portuguese did not have the power or the will to defend their monopoly. They saw the monopoly as unjust and thus felt no obligation to respect it. Correct answer Question 32 2/2pts Which of the following is NOT one of the discoveries that were made by Dutch explorers? Tasmania the coasts of western Austrailia Borneo New Zealand Correct answer Question 33 2/2pts What was the original strategy of the VOC? Focus on coopting Portuguese trade partners and routes and avoid alliances with local powers. Focus on India before turning to the Spice Islands. Stick to trade and avoid Indonesian politics. They did not have a coherent strategy at first. Correct answer Question 34 2/2pts What powers did the “resident” (the senior Dutch officer in the courts of the princes) have? They only had criminal jurisdiction over members of the VOC. They had very little power and had to consult with the Estates-General before handing down any criminal punishments. They had the power to enforce Dutch law over all regional powers and peoples. They had civil and criminal jurisdiction over the company’s servants and other Europeans living in the principality. Correct answer Question 35 2/2pts The Dutch Reformed Church as the established church spent great efforts to convert non-Christians across the West Indies. True False Correct answer Question 36 2/2pts How did the policy towards the native populations change after Phillip || came to the throne? They were to be indoctrinated into the Catholic faith by force. Rather than bringing them into towns they were to remain in the countryside. They could now be exploited for their labor. They were to be Hispanicized as well as Christianized. Correct answer Question 37 2/2pts On what did the Spanish crown officially base its right to rule the Indies? Theories of racial and religious superiority. The Papal bulls of 1493, in particular upon Inter Caetera. Divine right. The right of first discovery. Correct answer Question 38 2/2pts Who lead the expedition that took down the Inca Empire? Vasco Nunez de Balboa Francisco de Alemeida Francisco Pizzaro Hernan Cortes Correct answer Question 39 2/2pts Which of the following is NOT one of the arguments Juan Gines de Sepulveda made justifying Spanish brutality and dominance? They were infidels. They had committed crimes against natural law. They were barbarians. They were rational and understood their crimes. Correct answer Question 40 2 /2 pts What kind of royal governor was Pedro Arias de Avila (Pedrarias)? He was aloof and delegated most of his work to others. He was overbearing and efficient. He was violent and cruel. He was just but strict. Correct answer Question 41 2/2 pts How did the system of encomienda foster further conquests? The title of encomiendero was a coveted position and could only be attained through conquest. Encomiendas became more powerful the larger they became. By rewarding noble titles to those who conquered new territories to be added to the encomienda system. Because only a few could become encomienderos it left many ambitious men without options other than to conquer their own territories. Wrong answer Question 42 0/2pts What ended the great age of the conquistadores? Philip Il in an effort to control the excesses of the conquistadors declared that they would no longer have the support of Spain. Once conquest was no longer profitable few set out to follow in the footsteps of the conquestadors. Once the conquered territories were secured for Spain there was no longer a need for their services. Once they had conquered all of South America they were no longer needed. Correct answer Question 43 2/2pts Why did the Crown have to revoke the provision in the New Laws of 1542 abolishing the encomiendas? Because they had nothing to replace it with. Because the encomienderos revolted against it. Because the Spanish nobility revolted. Because the Cortez overruled the measure. Wrong answer Question 44 0/2pts The first bishop of Mexico Fray Juan de Zumarraga brought radical ideas to Mexico. established the first monastery for native peoples in Mexico. established the first Inquisition in the New World. brought the clergy in Mexico into line with traditional, pre-reformation Catholic teachings. Correct answer Question 45 2/2pts Which of the following was NOT one of the four aims of royal policy in the Indies? To do justice. To establish a new noble class to carry out royal policy. To maximize revenues. To spread the Catholic faith. Correct answer Question 46 2/2pts Hernan Cortes's genius was in his appreciation for the psychological factors at play in conquest. True False Wrong answer Question 47 0/2pts The Spanish friars had difficulty establishing ascendancy over natives because they were not used to the strict discipline and highly ritualized practices that they demanded. True False Wrong answer Question 48 0/2pts In Spanish Peru the native peoples retained more of their old culture and religion. True False Correct answer Question 49 2/2pts In the sixteenth century, Spain led the way in law, government, and jurisprudence. True False Correct answer Question 50 2/2pts The doctrine of universal papal dominion was universally accepted across Europe. True False Quiz Score: 86 out of 100