Nr 545 exam testbank latest update 2026 exam 1, 2 and 3 combined-
chamberlain ...
NR 545 Exam Testbank - 180 Questions & Answers
Comprehensive Review for Exams 1, 2, and 3
EXAM 1: Pharmacology, Physical Assessment, and Pathophysiology
Section 1: EENT Disorders
1. A patient with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis has been using oral
antihistamines with minimal relief. What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for this
patient?
A) Oral decongestants
B) Intranasal corticosteroids
C) Systemic antibiotics
D) Antihistamine eye drops
Correct Answer: B) Intranasal corticosteroids
,Rationale: Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for
moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, reducing inflammation and all nasal
symptoms. Antihistamines are adjunctive; decongestants are for short-term use;
antibiotics are not indicated for allergic rhinitis .
2. A patient is taking an aminoglycoside antibiotic and reports ringing in the ears.
What is the most appropriate nursing action?
A) Reassure the patient this is a normal side effect
B) Instruct the patient to report this symptom immediately
C) Increase the medication dose
D) Prescribe an antihistamine
Correct Answer: B) Instruct the patient to report this symptom immediately
,Rationale: Tinnitus is often the earliest sign of ototoxicity from medications such
as aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, or high-dose NSAIDs. Early detection can
prevent permanent hearing loss .
3. A patient with asthma experiences coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness
during physical activity. Which medication should be recommended 15-20
minutes before exercise?
A) Inhaled corticosteroid
B) Short-acting beta-agonist (albuterol)
C) Leukotriene receptor antagonist
D) Oral prednisone
Correct Answer: B) Short-acting beta-agonist (albuterol)
Rationale: Pretreatment with a short-acting beta-agonist prevents exercise-
induced bronchoconstriction. Inhaled corticosteroids are controller medications,
not for acute pretreatment .
, 4. Which clinical criterion is used to define chronic bronchitis?
A) Hyperresonance on percussion
B) Productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years
C) Destruction of alveolar walls
D) Reversible airway obstruction
Correct Answer: B) Productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2
consecutive years
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is a clinical diagnosis based on chronic productive
cough. Emphysema is defined pathologically by alveolar destruction. Reversible
obstruction is characteristic of asthma .
5. A patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) does not shake the inhaler before
use. Why is this step crucial?
chamberlain ...
NR 545 Exam Testbank - 180 Questions & Answers
Comprehensive Review for Exams 1, 2, and 3
EXAM 1: Pharmacology, Physical Assessment, and Pathophysiology
Section 1: EENT Disorders
1. A patient with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis has been using oral
antihistamines with minimal relief. What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for this
patient?
A) Oral decongestants
B) Intranasal corticosteroids
C) Systemic antibiotics
D) Antihistamine eye drops
Correct Answer: B) Intranasal corticosteroids
,Rationale: Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for
moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, reducing inflammation and all nasal
symptoms. Antihistamines are adjunctive; decongestants are for short-term use;
antibiotics are not indicated for allergic rhinitis .
2. A patient is taking an aminoglycoside antibiotic and reports ringing in the ears.
What is the most appropriate nursing action?
A) Reassure the patient this is a normal side effect
B) Instruct the patient to report this symptom immediately
C) Increase the medication dose
D) Prescribe an antihistamine
Correct Answer: B) Instruct the patient to report this symptom immediately
,Rationale: Tinnitus is often the earliest sign of ototoxicity from medications such
as aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, or high-dose NSAIDs. Early detection can
prevent permanent hearing loss .
3. A patient with asthma experiences coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness
during physical activity. Which medication should be recommended 15-20
minutes before exercise?
A) Inhaled corticosteroid
B) Short-acting beta-agonist (albuterol)
C) Leukotriene receptor antagonist
D) Oral prednisone
Correct Answer: B) Short-acting beta-agonist (albuterol)
Rationale: Pretreatment with a short-acting beta-agonist prevents exercise-
induced bronchoconstriction. Inhaled corticosteroids are controller medications,
not for acute pretreatment .
, 4. Which clinical criterion is used to define chronic bronchitis?
A) Hyperresonance on percussion
B) Productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years
C) Destruction of alveolar walls
D) Reversible airway obstruction
Correct Answer: B) Productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2
consecutive years
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is a clinical diagnosis based on chronic productive
cough. Emphysema is defined pathologically by alveolar destruction. Reversible
obstruction is characteristic of asthma .
5. A patient using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) does not shake the inhaler before
use. Why is this step crucial?
